关于司法独立与新闻监督问题的几点思考

本文通过对司法独立与新闻监督的再认识及其存在问题的论述 ,探讨了新闻监督与司法独立的平衡点 ,以期两大价值理念都能得到充分的实现。     

论民族经济法执行

从民族经济法执行的主体、执行的对象、执行的相对人的范围、执行的性质等方面来看 ,民族经济法执行是指中央国家行政机关和地方 (主要是民族地区 )国家行政机关在对少数民族经济和民族地区经济行使管理权过程中 ,组织、贯彻和实施民族经济法的活动。民族经济法执行的形式也就是执法主体组织、贯彻和实施民族经济法的形式 ,主要包括许可行为、征收行为、给付行为、强制行为以及民族经济法执行中的处罚行为。执法者的“经济人”理性决定了他们在执法中不但追求自身利益最大化 ,而且还存在各种形式的地方保护主义 ,这一切都需要我们通过必要的法律措施加以补救。     

Institutional change in the European Parliament: balancing legislative ethics and parliamentary independence

Research on legislative ethics has shown how scandals often trigger ethics reform; yet, the content of the reform often differs from that of the scandal. Why is this the case? And if scandals don't explain legislative ethics reform outcomes, then what does? If not this kind of external shock, then what factor(s) shape legislative reform outcomes? These questions provide the point of departure for a case study of the European Parliament's 2011 ethics reform. Drawing from the legislative ethics literature and from recent theories of institutional change, the article examines the impact of the scandal that initiated the reform, the interests and strategies of reform agents who wanted a quick reform process that would not undermine the EP's independence; and the institutional order in which those actors were embedded. It argues that an institutional logics perspective offers a convincing and comprehensive account of EP ethics reform, and suggests a new analytical framework that might be used by researchers in future research on legislative ethics.     

“诉累”的法经济学分析

“诉累”是司法界经常使用的一个术语。从法经济学的角度看“诉累”的产生原因在于普法力度不够、司法权力寻租、低下的司法效率、委托代理、较高的诉讼成本、行政机关对司法活动的干涉、较低的司法素质。诉累导致“租的耗散”、激化社会矛盾,导致司法公信的丧失和“理性”的违约行为。应加强普法活动、切实保证司法独立、全面提高司法人员的素质,健全法律援助制度、确立权力与责任相统一的原则。     

Emerging Economies,Turnover Rates and Inflation Variability: A Comparison of Generalized Maximum Likelihood and SUR Models

Theoretical exposition and empirical evidence in central bank independence (CBI) literature confirm an inverse relationship between inflation and measures of CBI mostly in developed economies. Based on this ex ante information on CBI-inflation tradeoff, this paper proposes two functional forms for the diagonal and off diagonal elements in the residual covariance matrix in the estimation process. The proposed functional forms are used in a generalized maximum likelihood and then in a generalized least squares (GLS) (with the restricted covariance matrix) framework for the empirical test. The results are compared to the outcome of an SUR model (unrestricted). The tests involve 14 emerging economies and covers the period 1960–1990. Compared to SUR, majority of results of GLS model in samples with and without outliers provide stronger and more significant evidence confirming the CBI-inflation tradeoff. Notably, the standard errors of the GLS estimates are lower than that of the SUR estimates. Without outliers, the GLS estimates show even lower standard errors as compared to the outcome of the SUR model. Low standard errors provide baseline indication of more accurate estimates. This research has benefited from comments from David Tufte, and Gerald Whitney and contributions by participants at the colloquia series at the Montclair State University and the University of New Orleans.     

试述刑法的自主性

刑法作为人类社会最基本也是最古老的法律,一旦被纳入法治的范畴之中,孕育出法治刑法这一概念,就应当体现出自主性,必须而且能够摆脱传统观念中的工具地位,赢得其独立的话语权,相应地,作为具有时代精神的科学的刑法学应当以理论的自足性体现和捍卫刑法的自主性.     

主诉检察官制--司法独立的另一种诠释

当代中国的司法改革呼唤着司法的真正、全面的独立.其中检察独立是具有中国特色司法独立的重要内容,而主诉检察官制度是检察独立中内部独立的有效形式.主诉检察官的独立性及其受制性揭示了中国司法独立的重要特色.主诉检察官制度应在司法独立的实现中逐步完善.     

和谐社会与重建国家自主性

和谐社会内在地包含着国家与社会关系的和谐,而充分发挥国家自主性则是构建和谐社会的关键所在。因此,必须高度重视重建国家自主性对于构建和谐社会的重要意义,要在深入推进行政改革和培育公民社会的进程中,致力于国家自主性的重建,以促进社会的和谐发展。     

论中国的审判独立制度

建设社会主义法治国家,离不开司法独立,作为司法之关键的审判活动对中国的法治进程起着重要的作用。从审判独立的内涵出发,分析审判独立的的价值,阐述中国审判独立的发展历程及中国当前审判独立的运行情况。在此基础之上剖析影响中国审判独立的几种关系,有助于切实推进我国的司法体制改革,最终实现法治国家的目标。     

试论刑事审判监督运行机制的调整

刑事审判监督的运行实践需要放在审判独立和检察一体化的语境下考量。刑事审判监督的偏行政性属性,决定刑事审判监督不能简单与公诉分离,而是尝试内部设岗与机构合作的路径。在处理与审判独立的关系上,通过借力监督和加强对职务犯罪监督的方式,以实现平衡两者的价值取向。