司法独立和新闻自由

司法独立与新闻自由是民主社会最弥足珍贵的两大价值。尽管在应然层面,这两大价值是相互促进与统一的,但在现实中,不同的主体依据不同的价值取向在两者之间的选择导致了冲突。本文以促进司法独立与新闻自由的良性互动的应然关系为主旨,首先,界定了新闻自由的内涵并从多个角度探究了新闻自由存在的理论基础;其次,总结了新闻自由在司法领域内行使的法律及理论依据,再次主要以美国的相关司法实践为基础,研究了新闻自由与司法独立之间冲突的表现及发展;最后,本文立足于中国的国情和现状,提供了认定新闻自由不当行使的标准及司法对策。     

改造权力——法律职业阶层在中国的兴起

统一司法考试有利于法律职业者素质的提高和法律职业阶层的形成。世界各国都注重通过法律职业的建构来保证司法产品的高品质。中国传统社会权力结构的二元冲突体现在司法上 ,即是司法政党化、行政化和地方化。法律职业阶层的兴起是中国向现代社会转型的结构力学 ,是司法独立的保障。     

论完善我国民事审前准备程序应遵循的原则

民事审前准备程序的完善是当前民事审判方式改革中的一个热门话题 ,确立民事审前准备程序所应遵循的原则是我国民事审前准备程序改革成功的关键所在。结合我国民事司法改革的价值取向 ,吸收和借鉴国外民事司法改革中的有益经验 ,民事审前准备程序的制度设计和程序建设应把握当事人自主和法官职权在程序中的均衡 ,体现效率、效益 ,赋予法官程序引导权 ,以实现司法公正和程序经济的目的。     

浅论审判独立的内部保障

法官之间的独立 ,即法官在审案时不受参与审判或没有参与审判的法官的影响 ,是法官独立的应有之意。为此 ,应该改革法官的遴选与提名制度 ,取消法官的等级制度和考核制度。     

论“台独“对我国安全和统一的威胁

目前台岛内"台独"势力十分猖獗,已对我国的战略安全、经济安全、领土与主权完整、民族尊严、政治安定构成巨大威胁.坚决制止和遏制"台独",是我们目前的一项紧迫任务.     

书写、传播成本与作者的独立身份——著作权制度产生之前作品传播略考

通过考察各主要文明的发展历程发现,书写、传播成本在相当程度上决定了作者的身份是否独立,而身份独立则是思想自由的前提.一种文明要想长存,必须降低书写、传播成本,赋予作者独立的身份,使之能够凭借自己的创作而收获财富.著作权制度就是以法律的形式保障了这种独立身份.     

结社自由的基本权利属性定位

结社自由在基本权利体系中属于自由权范畴,并与其他基本自由权、政治权利、经济社会和文化权利在属性和内容上存在一定的交叉与竞合,因而结社自由具有复合属性之特点。从法律文本以及宪法理论考察,结社自由是一种独立的自由权类型,而非全然为表达自由或政治权利所吸收。厘清结社自由的权利属性定位,对于结社自由的实现、尤其是非政治性结社行为的保障,以及对于结社自由限制措施的合宪性审查和其他相关基本权利之法律救济均具有重要而积极的意义。     

Scotland,NATO, and transatlantic security

This article explores the political and strategic implications of Scottish Independence for existing transatlantic security arrangements. It examines the potential institutional, legal and political obstacles Scotland might face during the transition to independence and discusses the specific challenges in the area of security and defence, including the nuclear issue and the question of what form an independent Scottish Defence Force (SDF) would need to take to allow and facilitate integration in transatlantic security structures. It argues that a number of strategic and political issues could be mitigated in the course of negotiations between Edinburgh and London. Moreover, Scotland's geostrategic position and political orientation make it an important prospective partner in international security cooperation across the Eastern Atlantic, High North and North Sea, which suggests that an advanced partnership with NATO, and eventually full membership, seems like an option that is both politically viable and more likely than any scenario that predicts seeing an independent Scotland (IS) outside these structures. This challenges some of the main strategic and security political arguments against independence and thus seeks to spark a debate about the realistic options for Scotland should it become independent after 2016.     

The 2015 Catalan Election: The Independence Bid at the Polls

This paper examines the context, campaign and main determinants of how Catalans voted in the 2015 regional election. The elections were exceptional because the incumbent and the remaining Catalan nationalist parties framed the contest as a de facto referendum on secession. In this paper we scrutinise whether attitudes towards independence affected vote choice and whether they eclipsed other traditional significant vote-driving factors such as the state of the economy or government performance. Results show that, although the independence issue became a major determinant of vote choice, the elections did not become a pure plebiscite on secession, since voters also used their vote to hold the regional government accountable for its past performance.