论经济法利益观对民法缺陷的弥补

经济法以社会利益作为保护目标,注重社会的协调发展,不仅能协调个人利益相互间的 冲突,还为个人利益的实现提供了良好的环境和基础。这种利益观弥补了民法调整经济关系时的 缺陷,也决定了自身的制度特征,是反观经济法的良好钥匙。     

Regulatory enforcement against organizational insiders: Interactions in the pursuit of individual accountability

The UK Financial Conduct Authority has developed and implemented policies targeting individuals for regulatory non-compliance in the post-2008 crisis period. This article develops a tripartite framework that differentiates between individual–firm, regulator–individual, and regulator–firm interactions to capture the complexity of these enforcement proceedings. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders, administrative decisionmaking observations, and documentary analysis, it outlines the process of individualizing responsibility for non-compliance and finds that this approach poses evidential and investigative challenges for the regulator as a result of individual and corporate responses. The evidence shows that individuals are more likely than firms to engage in an adversarial response to an investigation rather than to settle. At the same time, through an inverse process of “corporatization” of the enforcement proceedings, firms may employ resources and strategies aimed at obscuring individual responsibility or binding together more closely the corporate and the individual case. The article concludes that the prospects of a successful outcome in investigating individuals depend not only on regulators' activities but also on corporate responses and on which managers are considered assets to the firm and which may be thrown to the wolves.     

外周血DNA甲基化谱与吸烟的关系

目的通过比较吸烟与不吸烟个体外周血DNA甲基化谱的差异,评估DNA甲基化在区分吸烟与不吸烟人群中的应用价值。方法根据下载于NIH的GEO公共数据库的人类全基因组DNA甲基化数据,运用Student’s T检验和聚类分析的方法评估外周血特定CpG位点DNA甲基化程度在吸烟与不吸烟人群中的差异。结果特定Cp G位点上,非吸烟人群与吸烟人群的DNA甲基化有显著区别。结论检测人外周血的甲基化情况可以区分吸烟和非吸烟人群。     

个人解雇保护立法实践的国际比较：回应与建设

在个人解雇保护制度的基本要素中,我国在解雇理由、解雇费、不公平解雇赔偿金、不公平解雇主张的时效和复职程度等五个方面的立法规制强度高于国际平均水平;在解雇通知期、解雇程序、通知期开始前的延迟时间三个方面的立法规制强度低于国际平均水平。但综合来看,我国解雇理由虚严实宽,在解雇灵活性和解雇成本方面呈现出复杂扭曲的特点,尤其是定期劳动合同的解雇保护制度大幅降低了我国解雇保护的水平。借鉴国际立法例,根据我国的国情,可以在劳资双方都可接受的限度内,循降低解雇行为灵活性、改变解雇经济成本结构的思路提高解雇保护严格度,并做若干具体制度之改进。     

个人与政府之间平等的涵义及形式

个人与政府之间的平等,从内容看,不是指两者拥有相同的物质资源,而是指两者具有在相互交往中的同等地位和权利;从形式看,不是表现为间接的物的交换关系,而是表现为两者的直接交往;从实现看,不是通过民法来确立,而是通过宪法来确立。在当代社会,个人与政府之间的平等表现为,两者之间利用对方和为对方做贡献的一致,要求对方实现自己的权利(力)和为对方尽义务的一致。     

Deterrence and delinquency: An analysis of individual data

Is commission of crime deterred by fear of arrest? Individual self-reported data on the commission of three crimes are analyzed in relation to perceived probabilities of arrest for more than 3000 French-speaking teenagers of the Montreal school population in 1974. The crimes are shoplifting, drug use, and stealing an item worth more than $50.00. In addition to the effect of the individuals' perceptions of the probability of arrest for the three crimes, age, sex, and previous arrest record are also taken into account. The data are all categorical. A multivariate log-linear probability model is estimated in order to test hypotheses concerning the direction and magnitude of bivariate associations among the variables. We conclude that there is clear evidence of a negative association between the subjective probability of arrest for each crime and the frequency of commission of that crime. We also find some negative cross-effects of the perceptions of the probability of arrest for one type of crime on the commission of another, holding constant the direct effects.     

秦汉家族成员连坐考略

秦汉统治者为巩固其统治,继承了产生于奴隶社会的连坐法,并对其加以发展。秦汉家族成员的连坐涉及到父子、夫妻、兄弟姐妹、祖孙、从兄、宗族等各种亲属关系。与连坐有关的罪名有盗窃、罪犯逃亡、挟书、谋反、巫蛊、祝诅、首匿、见知不举、诽谤、妄言、非所宜言、妖言、降敌等。连坐法的施行,是封建统治者维护其统治的需要,也是封建地主家族争权夺利的工具。     

Individual and collective justice and injustice: Implications for intergroup conflict

This paper focuses on the combined impact of individual and collective justice and injustice on intergroup conflict. The basic premise is that an adequate understanding of the course of intergroup relations requires knowledge not only about relevant conditions on the intergroup level, but also about the intragroup conditions that might predispose each group to assume a particular type of social orientation. It is assumed that an individual is more dissatisfied when both s/he and her/his group are unjustly treated than when only either one is. The consequences of different combinations of justice and injustice for the individual and his/her group are specified for the intensity of conflict between two groups. Sixteen intergroup scenarios are first derived and rank-ordered, via three assumptions, in terms of how aversive they are likely to be from the perspective of one of two interacting groups. The viewpoints of both groups are then taken into account in an attempt to make predictions about the potential for and intensity of intergroup conflict.     

良好的人际关系是集体主义精神的基础

团结互助是集体主义精神的灵魂,良好的人际关系是集体主义精神的基础。当代青少年的自我中心意识强烈,人际关系的挫折感较强。应教育青少年建立良性互动的人际交往,培育集体主义精神,促进个人的全面发展。     

“以人为本”与社会主义法治——一种法哲学上的阐释

“依法治国”与“以人为本” ,是协调统一的。法治是源于人类对自身的存在、价值和命运的一种制度安排 ,“以人为本”则是深藏在它背后决定其发展方向和命运的最高的精神力量。从总体上说 ,自由、民主、平等以及个体本位没有内生于中国传统社会的观念文化中 ,这是数千年中国法意识和法制度匮乏的重要原因。当代中国 ,“依法治国”与“以人为本”要求树立与之相适应的法治观念体系。社会主义法治应以彻底解放人作为最高宗旨 ,“以人为本”与“依法治国”相辅相成 ,缺一不可。