POLICY TRANSFER IN IMMATURE POLICY ENVIRONMENTS: MOTIVES,SCOPE, ROLE MODELS AND AGENTS

The present study aims to contribute to the existing policy transfer research by examining the immature policy environments of post‐communist countries. To determine the main factors explaining the process of policy transfer, the establishment of probation systems in Estonia and Latvia is analyzed by applying a comparative case study design. The study demonstrates that timing is an important variable in the policy transfer in a transitional setting. A transitional context in itself is likely to lead to policy transfer because of urgent decision‐making needs, a shortage of domestic expertise and of financial resources. The process of policy transfer can be characterized as quite fortuitous: the choice of role models is limited to the existing or first contacts with foreign partners who are able to provide financial assistance. Improvement of administrative capacity is seen as a key factor in the shift from haphazard policy copying to responsible policy transfer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国需要依赖性派生品种制度吗?——以我国种业发展为基点

依赖性派生品种制度是UPOV公约1991年文本引入的制度,作为植物新品种保护权利扩张的表现形式,将对我国种业的发展产生影响。我国种业的育种创新能力、种业企业的自主创新能力和国际竞争力还很弱,建立依赖性派生品种制度不利于我国种业的发展。我国应利用国际条约为发展中国家规定的缓冲期来寻求生机,完善与依赖性派生品种制度相关的育种体制,改善育种创新环境,完善植物新品种保护的配套制度。     

打造黄河善谷 发展慈善产业——理念与实践的创新

面对国际国内慈善事业发展的现状,面对宁夏现阶段的发展困局和发展机遇,宁夏自治区党委、政府提出打造黄河善谷的战略决策。这一重大战略决策,顺应了当前我国慈善事业急需突破和创新的需要,是加强和创新社会管理的有益探索和内在要求,同时也为弱势群体实现人的本质提供了平台。     

宁夏清真食品产业发展与饮食安全

近年来,国内外食品安全事故频发,引发了人们对饮食安全的高度关注。清真食品以其"绿色、纯净、无污染"的优良品质和富有特色的饮食文化内涵,迎合了现代人对健康食品的新需求,清真食品不仅是穆斯林的食品,已成为一切追求绿色、环保、有机、安全、健康饮食人士的选择。     

浅析桂林旅游文化产业的发展

旅游文化产业作为新兴的支柱产业、经济增长的新亮点,占据着不容忽视的重要地位。桂林作为一个旅游文化资源丰富的历史文化名城,有着巨大的旅游文化产业发展潜力。笔者对当前桂林旅游文化产业的发展现状及优势进行分析,并就如何取得更长足的发展作初步探讨。     

东南亚国家产业结构的演进及其特征

战后,随着东南亚国家的工业化进程,各国的产业结构发生了一系列变化,这主要表现为:农业在国内生产总值和就业的比重不断下降,工业(尤其是制造业)增加值和就业比重迅速提高,服务业增加值和就业比重总体上趋于上升。东南亚国家产业结构演变的趋势,是与世界各国工业化中产业结构变化的规律相适应。不过,由于各国经济发展存在着历史性、结构性和制度性的差异,东南亚国家产业结构的变化又有许多不同的特点。     

Branding K-REDD+ and its implications for South Korea's middle power diplomacy

ABSTRACT

The need for new and stronger middle power diplomacy is growing as global challenges are increasingly governed by various horizontal inter- and trans-national networks. Climate change is one of the most complex and urgent global challenges that require collective action, and it is an issue for which more middle power leadership is greatly needed. The Republic of Korea (ROK) has been successful in becoming a primary actor in green growth governance, and its success has been attributed to its strategic middlepowermanship, integrating both material and ideational contents. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in tropical developing countries has been lauded as an immediate and effective solution to mitigate climate change. ROK's unique history of forest transition before rapid economic growth highlights the fact that improving forest management is possible even with imperfect governance, rapid population growth, and low economic development. The lessons learned from ROK's forest transition can be developed as a distinct contribution to the international effort to address forest-related impacts on climate change, and offer an important opportunity for ROK to play a constructive role and achieve enhanced stature within the international community.     

新冠肺炎疫情背景下台湾宏观经济形势及其影响因素分析

2020年,在新冠肺炎疫情背景下,台湾地区经济总量实现相对高速增长,但疫情对于岛内不同行业的影响有显著差异。从生产和需求角度分别加以考察,2020年台湾经济增长的主要动力来自制造业和出口。研究结果表明,台湾宏观经济受疫情冲击较为有限,主要是因为疫情催生“远距经济”等新业态,众多5G技术应用场景加速落地,激发资讯电子产品的市场需求,使岛内资讯电子工业产值大幅上升,有效弥补了传统制造业部门产值下滑所产生的缺口,推升了台湾制造业总体产值。祖国大陆作为台湾资讯电子产品最主要的目标市场和生产据点,在较短时间内有效控制疫情,全面复工复产,并且充分发挥新一代信息技术对于疫情防控和复工复产工作的支撑作用,有力助推了台湾资讯电子产品的生产和销售。正因如此,疫情防控期间,两岸进出口额逆势增长,大大改善了台湾对外贸易状况,这是疫情背景下台湾宏观经济形势保持稳定的关键外部因素。     

Changing contexts: A quasi-experiment examining adolescent delinquency and the transition to high school

In a quasi-experiment, we examine whether changing schools during the transition from 8th to 9th grade influences adolescent delinquency, using a sample of more than 14,000 students in 26 public school districts (PROSPER study). The dataset follows students for eight waves from 6th through 12th grade and facilitates a unique, direct comparison of students who change schools with those who remain in the same school during this period. Results show that students who transition between schools report significantly less delinquency after the shift than those who do not, and that this difference persists through 10th grade. This decline is most pronounced when adolescents from multiple middle schools move to a single high school (i.e., multifeeder transitions). Students who transition between schools have fewer delinquent friends and participate in less unstructured socializing following the change in school environment, which partially mediates their reduced delinquency. Results provide some support for theories of differential association and routine activities. Our findings highlight the role of a crucial, yet understudied, life transition in shaping adolescent delinquency. The results from this quasi-experiment underscore the potential of alterations in social context to significantly dampen juvenile delinquency throughout high school.     

Working Overtime in East Asia: Convergence or Divergence?

Working long hours has become a routinised part of life in East Asia. The different patterns of overtime across this region are understudied, however. This study represents a first systematic attempt to analyse overtime and its determinants in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China by testing hypotheses that specify the distinctive influences of employment status and job contracts on work hours. Class exploitation, post-industrialism and flexibility theories are mobilised to identify distinctive but supplementary factors in long working hours. Using data from a recent four-country survey, a Tobit regression analysis of full-time workers’ hours reveals that employers and self-employed people work longer hours than hired workers across this region. Despite this convergence, there is a contrast across occupations. In Japan, overtime is positively associated with occupational prestige, while a reverse pattern operates in China, where low-skilled workers work more overtime. Contract workers in the private sector in South Korea and China also have longer overtime when compared to public sector employees. In sum, this study highlights more divergence than convergence of working conditions within East Asia.