从the “DG Harmony”案看英美法下海上危险货物托运人归责原则之演进

从the＂DG Harmony＂案中美国联邦第二巡回上诉法院的轰动性判决入手,对英美法有关海上危险货物运输下托运人归责原则和承托双方责任分担的相关立法和司法实践的演进作一梳理,即从《海牙规则》与美国COGSA1936前普通法和一般海事原则下托运人严格责任的确立,到对《海牙规则》及COGSA1936相关条款下托运人严格责任的解析,再到以the＂DG Harmony＂案为代表的英美目前司法实践对突破托运人严格责任的探索。在此梳理的基础上,总结概括出目前英美法下裁判海上危险货物运输纠纷的思路与原则。这种以托运人严格责任原则为基础,以通过＂知识权衡＂与因果分析确定的＂未能提醒＂的过失责任原则为补充的思路,对中国的立法和司法实践具有一定的借鉴意义。     

冠心病某些危险因素与"瘀毒"病因关系探讨

冠心病"瘀毒"病因的提出成为防治冠心病的一个新思路,某些危险因素的存在和控制不理想是"瘀毒"病因产生和发展的重要因素.应通过临床研究探索"瘀毒"病因产生的临床表征和微观病理变化,在辨证论治基础上合理应用活血解毒方药对冠心病防治具有重要意义.     

Crowd Situations and their Policing from the Perspective of Finnish Police Officers—a Case Study of Finnish Police Knowledge

This study explores crowd situations from the perspective of the Finnish police. The qualitative data consist of focused face-to-face interviews with police officers (n = 15). The results of these interviews indicate that special crowd control units have shifted from being an innovation to being an ordinary part of public order policing, despite the infrequent use of these units. Furthermore, police knowledge concurrently involved diversity and polarity. Crowd situations vary from political protests to sporting events and street festivals, and the police play multiple roles and apply diverse measures and tactics depending on the situation. Polarity is linked to the way the police perceive different crowds and crowd events as ‘easy’ and ‘ordinary’ or ‘difficult’ and ‘deviant’. Finally, tension emerges between national and global aspects within police knowledge. This tension is linked to how police perceive crowd events and public order policing in terms of the past, the present, and the future.     

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒强毒株主要结构蛋白特异性抗体的研制

以新城疫病毒(NDV)ClassⅠ强毒分离株9a5b尿囊液、原核表达的NP、P、M、HN、F五种蛋白为免疫原,接种6周龄BALB/c小鼠制备抗体,用血凝抑制试验(HI)、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)、细胞中和试验、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和Western-blot方法共同检测所获得的各类抗体。结果显示,成功制备获得了NDV各结构蛋白多抗及12株NDV特异性单抗。免疫特性鉴定结果表明,在获得的12株单抗中,3H7和3H9株单抗为抗ClassⅠHN特异性单抗,仅具有IFA和HI效价,而2A8株单抗却无HI效价;其他单抗均与ClassⅡ毒株存在交叉反应。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒IBRV-LN01/08株的分离鉴定

从辽宁省某牛场出现疑似牛传染性鼻气管炎症状的牛鼻拭子样品中分离出一株病毒,该病毒能在MDBK细胞上增殖,能产生牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)典型性细胞病变。通过间接免疫荧光试验、微量血清中和试验、PCR及病毒形态学观察鉴定,证明该分离毒株为IBRV,并被命名为IBRV-LN01/08。根据IBRV的保守区核苷酸序列设计了1对鉴定引物,将扩增的目的片段进行克隆、测序及序列分析。结果表明,该片段序列与GenBank上登录的IBRV K22株的同源性为99.9%。动物回归试验结果显示,6~9月龄IBRV抗体阴性黄牛人工感染IBRV-LN01/08株F3代细胞培养物后,试验动物出现持续体温升高,流鼻涕,鼻内黏膜有白色糜烂溃疡及结节等牛传染性鼻气管炎的临床症状,表明该毒株具有一定的致病性。     

表达传染性腔上囊病病毒VP2蛋白重组乳酸菌的构建及其免疫保护效果

为探讨表达传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2蛋白重组乳酸菌的口服免疫效果,采用RT-PCR方法扩增了1株IBDV流行毒株的VP2基因,再分别亚克隆到干酪乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌的表达载体pPG2和PNZ8112中,并分别电转化干酪乳杆菌L.casei393和乳酸乳球菌NZ9000的感受态细胞,构建了重组菌pPG2-VP2/L. casei393和PNZ8112-VP2/NZ9000.分别经20 g/L乳糖和1 ng/mL的乳链菌肽诱导表达后,对菌体裂解物进行了SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析.结果显示,重组菌pPG2-VP2/L.casei393和pNZ8112-VP2/NZ9000的裂解物中分别出现大小约为53 ku和50 ku的反应带,大小均与预期结果相符,表明目的蛋白在重组菌中得到了表达.重组菌pPG2-VP2/L. casei393和pNZ8112-VP2/NZ9000分别口服免疫SPF雏鸡后,均刺激机体产生了特异性抗IBDV VP2蛋白的血清抗体;攻毒保护试验结果显示,其保护指数分别为62.5%和37.5%,表明重组菌免疫雏鸡后,对IBDV的攻击均具有不同程度的免疫保护作用.     

Educational offer,education demand and institutional capacity

The present world is subject to some structural and institutional transformations unprecedented. The education-a public goods, a product and a process at the same time, is not different especially, since late modernization and modernity make education an essential vector of development. The present study insists on the triad educational offer, education demand and institutional capacity. It starts from the imperatives of knowledge society in globalization era and re-defines the educational market in the context of late modernity. Although the approach of the educational supply, the demand of education and competition on the educational market aims at a factorial analysis initially related to the realities in Romania, the issue is extended globally. The demonstration is simple enough, though the potential capacity （and the real one） of any institution of higher education management must be mediated on educational market. To this effect, the study insists on the objectives and aims of educational management. The premise to fundamentally define this type of management is that the intelligent models, the creative models and the strategic models of thought may contribute to the development of institutional （organizational） culture with axiological appliance, giving both identity and openness to diverse education. The study poses the problem of a new type of educational order, an educational order of a society based on knowledge.     

法学教育中的法律伦理教育问题研究

从法律的内在价值要求、我国法治建设中存在的问题,提出法律伦理教育是我国法学教育不可或缺的重要组成部分.法律伦理包括蕴含在法律制度中的制度伦理与法律职业者在职业活动中的法律行为伦理即职业道德两部分.法律伦理教育的目标就是要把学生培养成为具有健全的法律伦理人格,有助于法律终极目标实现的"社会医生".这一目标的实现有赖于法学教育理念的重构和法学教学方法的转变.目前,开展法律伦理教育面临的障碍主要有思想认识上的偏颇,社会"道德滑坡"的大环境以及法律国家主义的影响等.     

一例因福尔马林治疗肝包虫病引发的医疗纠纷——以医学与法学为视角

因福尔马林治疗肝包虫病引发的医疗纠纷案例比较罕见。从医学视角看,该案例中造成不良损害后果的机理是因福尔马林对胆道系统的损伤和/或包虫头节阻塞造成梗阻性黄疸,同时在患者本身肝功能受损的共同作用下最终导致了施行肝移植手术。从法学视角看,该案例中选择鉴定机构的方法、损伤参与度的应用及对伤残评定适用标准的探讨对医疗纠纷案件的处理有借鉴意义。     

新生儿呼吸系统疾病死亡的法医病理学分析

目的分析和探讨呼吸系统疾病引起新生儿死亡的病理学特点,为法医学死亡原因鉴定和相关医疗纠纷鉴定提供科学依据。方法回顾性总结分析1993～2008年16年间攀枝花市公安局尸检档案中85例新生儿死亡案例。结果呼吸系统疾病是引起新生儿死亡的首要因素（共56例,占65.88%）,其中新生儿吸入性肺炎20例（23.53%）、新生儿感染性肺炎14例（16.47%）、新生儿窒息12例（14.12%）、新生儿肺透明膜病6例（7.59%）、新生儿肺出血4例（4.71%）。结论新生儿尸检应重视呼吸系统的检查,根据新生儿发病特点和肺部病理变化明确临床诊断和死亡原因。