Production of Scientific Knowledge and Radical Uncertainty: The Limits of the Normative Approach in Innovation Economics

The aim of this article is to explain that, in the context of the production of scientific knowledge, it is logically impossible to define some institutional structures enabling the maximization of the social surplus.Our argumentation relies on the theory of Popper according to which it is impossible to anticipate the result of a given process of production of scientific knowledge. Consequently, we conclude that it is impossible to compare the respective efficiencies of alternative structures of production of scientific knowledge.The document consists in a critical review ofthe literature in economics of innovation and knowledge. JEL Classification: D8, L1, O3     

全国商标法理论与实务研究研讨会综述

在研讨会上 ,与会代表围绕着商标法的立法目的、未注册商标的保护、商标在先使用的法律意义、商标权与在先权利的冲突与协调、侵犯商标权的民事责任的归责原则以及商标权的刑法保护等问题展开了热烈的讨论。     

灵魂的错位--论中国现代知识女性的书写

20世纪中国文学史上关于知识女性的书写是颇有复杂意味的。女性要求自由的灵魂遭遇了现实的狙击,女性的真实处境与精神状况呈现出错位的情形,三个时段又各有不同的风貌及特征。     

也论知识产权的冲突与协调——一个外部性的视角

权利冲突隐含着知识产品的外部性及其产权的再配置问题。权利的初始配置始终是不完全的,随着知识价值的增加,不断增强的外部性要求内部化,进行权利的重新配置。知识产品外部性的内部化,扩展了权利保护的客体与范围,使原来相容并存的权利变得相互排斥,权利冲突由此而生。     

知识经济下台湾知识产权司法制度的变革——从“专庭”、“专股”到智慧财产法院

在台湾,知识产权诉讼程序冗长与法官专业性不足问题长期为外界所诟病。20世纪90年代后尤其近年来,随着知识经济的勃兴,台湾司法部门积极谋求变革,在各级法院陆续设立"专庭"或"专股"的基础上,积极筹建专门性智慧财产法院,先后颁布了《智慧财产法院组织法》和《智慧财产案件审理法》,力求通过实行"三合一"的案件审理模式、设置技术审查官等制度设计提升知识产权审判中存在的时效性与专业性不足问题。然而,建置一个新的专门法院原非易事,设计中的台湾智慧财产法院综合了民事、刑事及行政诉讼程序,更是复杂,部分议题迄今仍然争议不断。     

Effects of jurors’ gender and attitudes toward intellectual disability on judgments in cases involving disabled juvenile defendants

Because many juvenile offenders are intellectually disabled and have their cases tried by jurors in adult criminal court, it is important to understand factors that influence jurors’ judgments in such cases. Using a mock trial methodology, we explored the relations among jurors’ gender, attitudes toward intellectual disability, and judgments in a criminal case involving an intellectually disabled 15-year-old girl accused of murder. Men mock jurors’ judgments were not influenced by their preexisting biases, but women's were: the more women favored special treatment for disabled offenders, the less likely they were to suspect the disabled juvenile was guilty and the less likely they were to convict her. Implications for actual cases involving disabled juvenile defendants are discussed.     

进一步完善陕西省知识产权人才战略研究

中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的指导思想和主要任务中对知识产权人才队伍建设问题提出了更新、更高的要求。而陕西的知识产权人才培养制度尚存在知识产权意识淡漠,知识产权专业人才在数量、素质和能力上还不能满足经济社会发展的需要等问题,难以迎接"十一五"期间我国知识产权事业中更大的机遇与挑战,同时也难以承担更加严峻的挑战和压力。因此,有必要从树立正确的知识产权人才战略指导思想为起点,进一步完善陕西知识产权人才的知识结构与职业结构。     

Assessing effective participation in vulnerable juvenile defendants

Effective participation in trial is outlined under article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and refers to the ability to understand and engage in trial. Juvenile defendants are often referred to psychologists or psychiatrists by their solicitors to establish ‘effective participation’ capacity. In the USA, key components to participate effectively are defined and standardised assessments available. In the UK, no formal measures exist. A consecutive series of 20 adolescents aged 12–20 years, referred by their solicitors to our service, were assessed using a standardised battery and a semi-structured interview designed to assess effective participation. Fifty-five per cent had at least one neurodevelopmental disorder. Low IQ was common and 50% had age-equivalent language scores below 10 years. Rates of depression, anxiety and PTSD were high. Knowledge about trial was poor. These findings have implications for Criminal Justice System professionals and to ensure fair trials for young defendants.     

When Is Science Used in Science Policy? Examining the Importance of Scientific and Technical Information in National Research Council Reports

A frequent lament among researchers is that public policy makers should pay more attention to scientific and technical information (STI). If there is any single area where one might expect STI to be used in public policy making and agenda setting it is in science and technology policy. Many of the policy makers in science and technology policy are themselves scientists or researchers and presumably would prove especially receptive to STI. However, STI is only one of many types of information used in policy making and policy actors often differ in the extent to which they view STI as credible, particularly compared to other types of potentially policy‐relevant information. Research on credibility (the believability of information, information types, and media) has shown variance and policy makers’ “credibility maps.” Thus, some policy makers have preference for formal information generally and STI specifically, but others privilege raw data, personal experience, authority, history and anecdote, analogical reasoning, or conformance to ideology, to name just a few of the information choices. Here, we build on the current researchers’ previous bibliometrics‐based work and use data from 41 semi‐structured elite interviews with National Research Council (NRC) executives and staff and NRC committee members concerning the use of STI in reports issued by the NRC. Findings show that the use of STI in NRC reports varies according to the nature of the inquiry and the sponsor. Information used in the reports is based on not only the assessed credibility of information but also its perceived direct relevance and the availability of STI as compared to other types of information. In general, the amount of STI in the NRC reports tends to have modest effects on the likelihood that reports will be used in policy making or by the mass media. More important factors include the timing of the report with respect to political agendas, the party requesting the report, and the enacted roles of NRC staff members and committee chairs.     

论我国知识产权海关保护制度之完善

2003年11月26日,我国通过了新的《知识产权海关保护条例》,对海关在知识产权边境保护中的职能进行了调整。该条例的颁布实施必将极大地提高海关对知识产权边境保护的效率和质量。