Jurisprudential Foundation of the Alogithmic Enforcement and Regulation of Law in an Intelligent Society: Taking the Automated Copyright Infringement Monitoring of the Online Content Sharing Platform as an Example

As cyber-space has become increasingly important for human activities, and intelligent algorithms are widely used in cyber-space, we are rapidly entering an intelligent society. Now, algorithmic enforcement and regulations of law have posed non-negligible issues. As algorithmic enforcement of copyright law was introduced earlier than that of other laws, it provides a helpful observation perspective. The worldwide practice of copyright enforcement has gradually departed from traditional “safe harbor provisions, ” and has emphasized prior examination of shared contents uploaded by Internet service providers’ (ISPs) users through the following three dimensions: automated infringement detection algorithms voluntarily used by the ISPs, heavier judicial liability of ISPs, and updated legislation principles. Thus, innovations and development have stimulated new mechanisms and regulations for enforcing copyright in cyberspace. Algorithmic enforcement of copyright law in an intelligent society is essential and meaningful. The copyright regulation mechanisms should be guided by jurisprudential principles and concepts featuring the principles of (a) legitimate and efficient flow of information, (b) balance between and among algorithmic power, public power and private rights, (c) boosting the sharing economy and the new gig economy, and (d) promoting social governance philosophy of “coconstruction, co-governance and sharing.” These principles are meaningful for creation of a new mechanism for balancing interests between ISPs and their users, and for introducing the pluralistic co-governance mechanism beyond simply practicing “filtering obligations.” In addition, these principles are significant for improving a certification with credibility of copyright status and ownership, and for advancing a mechanism for online collegiate-panel dispute resolution.     

The Reshaping Effects and Limitations of the Judicial AI

Artificial Intelligence (AI) application in the judiciary has initiated the historical process of moving from access to justice (ATJ) to “visible justice” and has profoundly changed the judicial operation mechanism. The judiciary’s visualization, codification, modularization, and intellectualization are reshaping the judicial procedure and greatly improving the efficiency of intelligent justice. But Judicial AI (JAI) still has its inherent limits. It is not easy to achieve absolute objectivity and accuracy in algorithmic decision-making, and in more complex cases, JAI can promote formal justice but not substantive justice. The judiciary’s AI optimization and reshaping effect should be developed simultaneously with risk prevention. It is necessary to establish corresponding regulations and relief mechanisms for algorithmic decision-making and to infuse the concepts of openness, fairness, and responsibility to promote science and technology for goods and positive development of intelligent justice to realize “visible justice.”     

Clustering digital forensic string search output

This research comparatively evaluates four competing clustering algorithms for thematically clustering digital forensic text string search output. It does so in a more realistic context, respecting data size and heterogeneity, than has been researched in the past. In this study, we used physical-level text string search output, consisting of over two million search hits found in nearly 50,000 allocated files and unallocated blocks. Holding the data set constant, we comparatively evaluated k-Means, Kohonen SOM, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) followed by k-Means, and LDA followed by SOM. This enables true cross-algorithm evaluation, whereas past studies evaluated singular algorithms using unique, non-reproducible datasets. Our research shows an LDA + k-Means using a linear, centroid-based user navigation procedure produces optimal results. The winning approach increased information retrieval effectiveness, from the baseline random walk absolute precision rate of 0.04, to an average precision rate of 0.67. We also explored a variety of algorithms for user navigation of search hit results, finding that the performance of k-means clustering can be greatly improved with a non-linear, non-centroid-based cluster and document navigation procedure, which has potential implications for digital forensic tools and use thereof, particularly given the popularity and speed of k-means clustering.     

Applicability of Latent Dirichlet Allocation to multi-disk search

Digital forensics practitioners face a continual increase in the volume of data they must analyze, which exacerbates the problem of finding relevant information in a noisy domain. Current technologies make use of keyword based search to isolate relevant documents and minimize false positives with respect to investigative goals. Unfortunately, selecting appropriate keywords is a complex and challenging task. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) offers a possible way to relax keyword selection by returning topically similar documents. This research compares regular expression search techniques and LDA using the Real Data Corpus (RDC). The RDC, a set of over 2400 disks from real users, is first analyzed to craft effective tests. Three tests are executed with the results indicating that, while LDA search should not be used as a replacement to regular expression search, it does offer benefits. First, it is able to locate documents when few, if any, of the keywords exist within them. Second, it improves data browsing and deals with keyword ambiguity by segmenting the documents into topics.     

手机信息在犯罪制图中的应用

在侦查实践中,犯罪制图借助空间坐标,探讨时空要素对于侦查破案可以起到辅助作用,手机信息具备独特的优势,成为犯罪制图的重要信息来源。具体来说,犯罪制图能够有效利用手机与通讯基站的对应关系,利用手机智能软件的拓展功能进行地理画像,发现、固定、抓捕犯罪嫌疑人,成为侦查工作的有效突破口。     

论警察执法中的搜身控制

搜身是警察执法的一种强制措施,是为了寻找疑点、查获犯罪证据、发现犯罪嫌疑人携带的凶器和危险物品。搜身过程中,必须对犯罪嫌疑人实施必要的控制,安全有效的控制方法能够增加安全系数,从而达到搜身的目的和效果。     

青年网络政治参与中“人肉搜索”研究——对“微笑局长”事件中“人肉搜索”的观测

本文通过对一次网络公共事件的观测,从中筛选出有关人肉搜索的信息,以网络传播的视角对人肉搜索的现状与特点进行描述与探讨,梳理人肉搜索从产生至今的发展线索,并分析其在青年网络政治参与中改变话语权分配、议程设置、赋予舆论监督权利、彰显社会正义、维护社会道德、推动青年政治成长的重要作用.同时注意到人肉搜索负面效应的不良影响.     

“人肉搜索”与信息社会的治安管控

＂人肉搜索＂是一种人工参与信息搜索的搜索机制,它是信息技术发展到一定阶段的必然产物,它的出现有着深刻的原因,并且这种搜索方式对社会产生着重要的作用。文章从维护治安秩序的角度,简要介绍了＂人肉搜索＂的概念及其特征,对由＂人肉搜索＂引起的安全问题进行了分析和探讨,并提出了相关的解决方案,希望能对和谐网络环境的建设有所裨益。     

刑事搜查初探

在刑事诉讼中,搜查是一项常见的侦查行为,其具有强制性、程序的严格性、结果的双重性等特征。因此,搜查应被慎重适用。而有关搜查的适用条件,则可以从实体和程序等方面予以限制。至于搜查中的法律监督,因搜查主体不同而有所区别。应从权利保障的角度,构造我国完整的刑事搜查制度。     

宪法视野中的刑事搜查问题研究

刑事搜查是侦查机关行使侦查权的重要方面,但在其实行过程当中时有发生的侵害公民人身和财产等宪法权利的事件,反映出目前我国在刑事搜查及其制度等方面有待进一步完善,以保证在不违背宪法对公民权利保障的基础上,充分实现刑事搜查在追诉犯罪中的重要作用。