K9 water searches: scent and scent transport considerations

Increased use of water search dogs for detecting submerged bodies has created the need for a better understanding of scent emanating from the bodies and how it transits the water to the dog's nose. A review of recent literature identifies likely scent sources, potential scent transport processes, and research needs. Scent sources include gases in bubbles or dissolved in the water, liquids as buoyant plumes and droplets or dissolved in the water, and solids consisting of buoyant particulates with secretions, bacteria, and body fluids. Potential transport processes through the water include buoyancy, entrainment, and turbulence. Transport processes from the water surface into the air include volatilization and evaporation enhanced by bubble bursting, breaking waves, splashing, and wind spray. Implications for the use of water search dogs are examined. Observations of submerged, decomposing bodies are needed to quantify the physical and chemical characteristics of the scent and scent transport processes.     

The Google conundrum: Perpetrator or facilitator on the net? - Forging a fair copyright framework of rights, liability and responsibility in response to search engine 2.0 - Part II: The Google Books Search Project

Is Google in its quest for search engine optimization through the creation of new technologies, which not only improves its search algorithms but also refines its search functions for users, doing it in a manner that makes it a perpetrator of primary copyright infringement or an invaluable facilitator for Internet functionality? How should the balance of interests in the treatment of creative works be recalibrated in the face of changes in search engine technology and operations, and the disputes that have arisen within the last decade in the context of the digital age and its needs? Using Google as a case study, this paper will look at the two main areas of dispute over the operations of information locator tools and services that either threatens search engine functionality and efficiency or weakens copyright holders’ exclusive rights. It proposes a concerted set of solutions through a reassessment and amendment of copyright law to optimize the social benefits and objectives of both the copyright regime and technological innovations in the electronic model of information archiving, indexing and delivery. A fair distribution of responsibilities and allocation of rights and liabilities will be suggested. In the process, due consideration will be given to both public and private interests, with the former taking precedence; while the recommended solutions will be made within the currently outdated framework for Internet intermediary protection (i.e. safe harbor laws) and exceptions (i.e. specific statutory exemptions and the general fair use defense) under the existing copyright regime. Thus, the proposed changes will be far reaching without being too radical a departure from current law, an evolution that will likely be more acceptable and realistic a solution to the problem.This paper is published in two parts. Part One of this paper published in the previous edition of the CLSR at [2011] 27 CLSR 110-131 dealt with the challenges to the copyright regime posed by the operations and technology behind the Google Images Search Engine, while Part Two will assess the benefits of the Google Books Search Project vis-à-vis the effects it will have on the scope of copyright protection. Recommendations are made to copyright law to accommodate both functions while generally preserving the main objectives of copyright protection.     

比较法视野下我国盘查措施启动标准:缺陷分析与完善理路

合理设置盘查启动标准既有利于警察执法,也有利于人权保障。通过对我国盘查制度实践的深入研究和对域外法治国家盘查启动标准的比较考察发现,我国盘查措施在启动标准上存在着混淆概念、标准单一和司法缺位三大缺陷。未来我国盘查措施启动标准的设置应当尊重警察盘查的认知规律、正视盘查的实践需要。此外,还应引入司法审查为警察正确理解盘查启动标准提供理论上的指引。     

UNIX系统取证的内容搜索方法研究

大量重要的应用服务器或网络服务器使用可靠性强的UNIX操作系统。研究UNIX系统下常用的内容搜索技术及其原理,可以减少取证分析过程中需要检查的数据量,快速挖掘有效证据。UNIX环境下的搜索工具在静态取证分析中的应用研究,可以帮助调查人员在证据收集和分析过程中缩小检查的数据范围,提高取证分析效率。     

Body- and movement-based interventions with male offenders – a narrative review

Therapeutic and psychosocial accompaniment of offenders is increasingly being understood as a communal responsibility. Apart from recognised treatment batteries, an increasing amount of body- and movement-based interventions is carried out within the prison environment. Extensive literature searches were performed for this review. From a total of 2908, 23 publications were included. An increase in research interest in body- and movement-based interventions during the past 5 years was observed. Such interventions are being flexibly applied in detention contexts across western countries, transnationally. Effects of emotional nature as well as competence are being described. Body- and movement-based interventions may contribute substantially in the supervision within the prison regime and can be applied in different modalities as well as low- and high-threshold treatments. Scientific development in this field still is rudimentary and thus further research is necessary in order to provide more evidence for modification processes and efficacy from validated studies.     

China Internet going wild: Cyber-hunting versus privacy protection

The Internet is notoriously known to be the “human flesh search engine” in China when it is used against private individuals for the purpose of social shaming, monitoring and revenge. In such case of cyber witch hunting, personal information of the targeted individuals is often ruthlessly exposed and their lives are mercilessly disrupted. In the face of the growing resort to the human flesh search engine, the Beijing Court delivered the first ruling condemning this practice and affirming privacy rights for Chinese citizens at the end of 2008. This article discusses the trend of cyber-manhunt in China, with specific focus on the judgment of the Beijing Court. It points out the inadequacy in the ruling and argues that legislative enactment to protect personal information at the national level is essential in China.     

行政检查公民的住宅必须使用搜查证

公民的住宅权受到宪法保护,政府是否可以通过行政检查来限制这种宪法权利,这就是本文要讨论的关键问题。行政检查与刑事搜查是不同的。相对于刑事搜查而言,行政检查的形式要件是比较简单的。既然行政检查和刑事搜查可能都会涉及被嫌疑人的住所,既然用检查证和搜查证都可以进入被嫌疑人的住所,那么两者就很容易被模糊界限而出现滥用的情况。如果行政检查不需要搜查证,那么警察是否还会刻意去获得搜查证?因此,降低行政检查的标准,就会出现以行政检查为虚、以刑事搜查为实的严重恶果。尤其当警察兼具行政执法和刑事侦查任务时,这种情况更难以避免。     

2050年政府治理的新图景:基于“时-空-技术”三维演化的视角

在“时-空-技术”三维视角下,政府治理面临着社会加速带来的时间压力、复杂性增长带来的空间压力及技术革新带来的创新压力。2050年政府治理将实现十大转型:治理理念转向以人为本、开放透明、包容共享和系统创新;治理目标转向人的幸福及对美好生活的向往;治理方向转向国家治理体系与治理能力现代化;治理动力转向质量驱动、创新驱动、价值驱动;治理路径转向共振、共景、共治;治理模式转向“人-机”融合;治理结构转向动态网络型灵活治理结构;治理机制转向超级合作型、包容创新型和快速反应型;治理职能转向核心职能;治理手段转向智能化、个性化、精准化等。     

智力产品责任的法律探讨

适用产品责任的智力产品是指以一定的物质载体来表现的、经大批量生产或印刷投入销售的、具有知识和信息内容的应用性或指导性智力成果.由于智力产品对人们生活的巨大影响,智力产品的最终提供者应尽到最大的谨慎义务,负有与一般商品生产者同样的安全注意义务,承担严格责任;销售者承担过错责任;同时明确法定的免责事由.我国产品责任立法的价值取向以及现行规定,为智力产品适用产品责任提供了可行性.