浅谈如何建立交通事故救援系统

道路交通事故救援系统由先进的交通管理系统 (ATMS)与交通服务信息系统 (ATIS)和有关的救援机构和设施 ,通过ATIS和ATMS将交通监控中心与职业的救援机构联结成有机整体 ,为道路使用者提供现场紧急处置 ,拖车现场救护等服务 ;而智能交通系统ITS其主要目标是针对日益严重的交通需求和环境保护压力 ,采取信息技术 ,通信技术 ,计算机技术和控制技术对传统的交通运输系统进控制、改造     

Detecting Submerged Bodies: Controlled Research Using Side‐Scan Sonar to Detect Submerged Proxy Cadavers

Forensic investigators routinely deploy side‐scan sonar for submerged body searches. This study adds to the limited body of literature by undertaking a controlled project to understand how variables affect detection of submerged bodies using side‐scan sonar. Research consisted of two phases using small and medium‐sized pig (Sus scrofa) carcasses as proxies for human bodies to investigate the effects of terrain, body size, frequency, swath width, and state of decomposition. Results demonstrated that a clear, flat, sandy pond floor terrain was optimal for detection of the target as irregular terrain and/or vegetation are major limitations that can obscure the target. A higher frequency towfish was preferred for small bodies, and a 20 m swath width allowed greater visibility and easier maneuverability of the boat in this environment. Also, the medium‐sized carcasses were discernable throughout the 81‐day study period, indicating that it is possible to detect bodies undergoing decomposition with side‐scan sonar.     

公安盘查与人权保护

公安盘查是人民警察法赋予人民警察在维护社会治安秩序中的行政强制权。公安盘查权行使是否适当,直接关系到公民基本权利的保护。为了最大限度地保护宪法赋予公民的自由权利,必须严格规范盘查的适用对象、盘查的方式、盘查的程序及盘查的救济等方面内容。     

Coping with lengthy ballots

Given voters' limited cognitive abilities, the learning environments voters face may have implications for how voters learn and make decisions. One prominent feature of American elections is the variation in the length of the ballot across jurisdictions and elections. This paper explores the consequences of lengthy ballots on the ability of voters to learn about candidates. Using an experimental design and a dynamic information board (Lau and Redlawsk, 2006), subjects participate in a mock election where they are asked to gather information about a single election or multiple elections. The results indicate that while voters compare more information as ballot length increases, they spend significantly less time learning about individual pieces of candidate information.     

Development of a Library Search‐Based Screening System for 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in Ecstasy Tablets Using a Portable Near‐Infrared Spectrometer

This is the first report on development of a library search‐based screening system for 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in ecstasy tablets using a portable near‐infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The spectrum library consisted of spectra originating from standard substances as well as mixtures of MDMA hydrochloride (MDMA‐HCl) and diluents. The raw NIR spectra were mathematically pretreated, and then, a library search was performed using correlation coefficient. To enhance the discrimination ability, the wavelength used for the library search was limited. Mixtures of MDMA‐HCl and diluents were used to decide criteria to judge MDMA‐positive or MDMA‐negative. Confiscated MDMA tablets and medicinal tablets were used for performance check of the criteria. Twenty‐two of 27 MDMA tablets were truly judged as MDMA‐positive. Five false‐negative results may be caused by compounds not included in the library. No false‐positive results were obtained for medicinal tablets. This system will be a useful tool for on‐site screening of MDMA tablets.     

Geoforensic search to crime scene: Remote sensing,geophysics, and dogs

In the absence of surface indications of burial sites, law enforcement or humanitarian organizations are faced with the difficult task of focusing large-scale ground searches to a manageable excavation area. A geoforensic-based survey may exclude parts of the landscape for reasons such as diggability or viewshed analysis but leave areas still too large for invasive exploration. This work examines how drone-based remote sensing, geophysics, and search dogs may be combined to narrow such searches. Here, we ask the reader to consider two examples where forensic geomorphology and land use provided a range of possible burial locations. Following this is a multi-proxy approach to similar dilemma, with a search-to-scene case study using remote sensing (drone photography), geophysics, ground probes, and search dogs. This approach is not presented as a definitive guide, but serves as an example of the conjunctive use of well-studied methods to approach a common problem in geoforensics.     

论搜查中对公民财产权的保障——法经济学的考量

法经济学分析方法为研究刑事诉讼法提供了分析结构与观察问题的全新的思维方式。以法经济学分析为视角,重新审视我国的搜查制度,对于在搜查中容易遭到侵犯的公民的财产权问题进行研究,进而提出保障被搜查人财产权的制度措施。     

刑事附带搜查制度探微

刑事附带搜查,是执法者在执行拘留、逮捕等强制措施时,基于＂保护执法人员及其他相关人员安全＂和＂避免证据毁损或灭失＂的目的,搜查被追诉者的无证搜查制度。为协调我国关于刑事附带搜查法律规定的粗疏与司法实践较广泛运用之间的冲突,必须构建我国刑事附带搜查制度,其主要内容涉及附带搜查的类型、范围及其保护性扫视。     

监狱企业强化内部控制审计之思考

内部控制是实现监狱企业发展目标、规避风险、规范管理的重要手段。要建立健全监狱企业内部控制审计制度并使之有效和规范,内部审计必须对内部控制进行独立的评价,同时也须对监狱企业经济活动的真实性、正确性、有效性做出全面监督和客观评估。