老旧小区加装电梯的冲突分析及解决:基于协商式角色模拟的研究

随着我国老龄化社会的来临,老旧小区加装电梯成为备受关注的社会问题,各地政府也陆续推出相关支持政策,然而加装电梯之路并不平坦。对于这一典型的公共冲突,协商式角色模拟方法为分析和协调不同相关方之间的利益冲突、寻求冲突解决之道提供了新的思路。老旧小区加装电梯中的冲突化解,不仅要探索具体的解决策略,还应从以下三个方面完善相关政策:适当放宽业主同意原则;确定相关技术规程及利益补偿依据;地方政府加快制定加装电梯行动指南。     

德国国际私法关于识别的理论和司法实践研究

德国国际私法认为,识别源于对冲突规范所使用之“体系概念”的解释,发生识别冲突的原因在于内、外国实体法存在体系差异,内国实体法体系中存在漏洞,内国实体法和国际私法之间存在体系差异。在识别冲突的解决上,存在法院地说、准据法说和独立识别说等三种主要理论。在德国国际私法的司法实践中,法院地说占据主导地位,但法院在一定程度上也采纳独立识别说,作为法院地说的必要补充。采用独立识别说时,法院一方面要对冲突规范中的体系概念进行广义解释,突破其在内国法律体系中的内涵范围,兼容外国法的相关制度;另一方面要从法律体系、文化背景等方面对外国法制度进行比较法分析,以确定其功能和目的。如果能够确认该外国制度和内国某一体系概念在目的和功能上具有对应性,就可以将该外国制度纳入该概念,从而拓展冲突规范的适用范围,否则就必须发展新的冲突规范加以应对。     

论连结点的孤立与矫正

连结点的孤立表现为冲突规范的指引在空间和时间两个维度与案件整体缺乏联系,这是双边法律选择方法难以避免的现象。随着法律选择价值目标的演变,应允许法官在特殊案件中摆脱孤立连结点的指引,裁量适用与案件具有更加密切联系的法律。对连结点的矫正应坚持规则导向,为双边法律选择注入有限的灵活性。     

暗香浮动:双重反致的伦理密码

追求判决一致是冲突法的古典抱负,传统反致之创设即服务于此一功效。拉塞尔开创双重反致先例之时并未释明其动机与理由。两种正相反对的解释路向彼此既不能证伪复又和谐兼容于双重反致,这表明应从第三维度即回归冲突法寻求判决一致之古典使命来解读其伦理取向。双重反致的生命力在于其能够为只能实现判决相对一致的传统反致所不能担保的判决绝对一致之目标提供绝对保证,精确致达冲突法之意向。判决一致本身不体现伦理深度,其实现方式才体现伦理深度。传统反致的相对性在于他律,双重反致的绝对性则得益于自律。立足于自律之上的双重反致移情换位于外国法院之立场,散发出为他人的伦理暗香。为他人的脆弱性及其可能走向的为难他人的背反结局使其危机再现。对我意识的终极溯源揭示了他人就是上帝的本体论结构,逃脱上帝的不可能性是对为他人伦理及作为其技术表达的双重反致之伦理困境及伦理密码的辩证破解。     

The real deal? The post-conflict constitution as a peace agreement

Abstract

When intra-state armed conflicts end through a negotiated settlement, the conflict parties frequently agree to amend or replace the country’s constitution. Their aim is to entrench the settlement, address the conflict incompatibility, reform institutions and take other measures to prevent a recurrence of violence. This article argues that post-conflict constitutions (PCCs) should be understood as peace agreements. It motivates this argument on conceptual, functional and legal grounds. It demonstrates that PCCs comply with conventional definitions of a peace agreement, are an intrinsic component of the conflict resolution process and have a range of peace maintenance functions. As supreme law, they become the definitive peace agreement. Research on peace durability following negotiated settlements should therefore focus not only on comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) but also on PCCs. PCCs should be conceived not as mere components of CPA implementation but as substantive political and legal agreements in their own right and as independent causes of peace.     

Pashtun Jirga and prospects of peace and conflict resolution in Pakistan’s ‘tribal’ frontier

ABSTRACT

There is growing recognition and appreciation of traditional approaches towards peace and conflict resolution across the world. This article aims to highlight the crucial role and consequential importance of traditional mechanisms of peace and conflict resolution in Pakistan’s terror-hit Pashtun ‘tribal’ areas, formerly known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). These ‘peripheral’ areas of Pashtun tribes stand in relative isolation from the ‘centre’ of the Pakistani ruling establishment. Moreover, with the onset of militancy since 2001 in the Afghanistan–Pakistan region, the situation has turned worse for the local Pashtun tribes. The article discusses the changing role of traditional mechanisms and local structures of peace and conflict resolution, arguing that colonial legacies have failed to prevent, manage, resolve or transform conflicts in post-colonial states such as Pakistan. Furthermore, the Pashtun cultural code of Pashtunwali, along with its various tenets and structures, especially Jirga (Pashtun tribal council) and Lashkar (tribal militia), is also discussed in the article. The article concludes that the changing socio-political situation, along with the rise of the secular Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), is presenting a challenge to ‘tribal’ Pashtun patriarchal values as well as traditional structures like Jirga in the region.     

South Sudan: The Elusive Quest for a Resilient Social Contract?

ABSTRACT

After its hard-won independence in 2011, South Sudan slid quickly into violent conflict and became a theatre of enormous human suffering. This article attempts to answer the question of what went wrong, and what prospects exist for South Sudanese to forge a resilient social contract to build and sustain peace. It employs an analytical framework postulating three drivers of such a contract, at the heart of which is how core issues of conflict that underpin violent conflict and fragility have been addressed. The research findings underscore that the way the ruling elites managed the transition to statehood, the development of exclusive weak institutions, and frail social cohesion have all served to undermine peace and the development of a resilient social contract. Core issues of conflict have not been addressed, witnessed by the eruption of civil war in 2013. While the 2015 Peace Agreement provides, at least on paper, the basis for forging a new social contract that holds promise for sustaining peace, building inclusive institutions and nurturing social cohesion, its realization requires political will, strategic leadership, and a national vision, which are currently in short supply.     

Normative power Europe and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the EU’s peacebuilding narrative meets local narratives

ABSTRACT

This article conceives the EU’s normative power in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a narrative that projects views of the international system, the EU’s identity as a peacebuilder, and its positions on specific conflict issues. Highlighting the importance of local narratives as cultural filters, this article argues that a high degree of alignment of local narratives with key elements of the EU’s normative power narrative facilitates positive images of the EU as a normative power in peacebuilding, whilst diverging local narratives tend to give rise to more critical views. Yet, the case of Palestine also shows that strong narrative alignment with the EU may encourage high expectations, resulting in critical views about inconsistencies between the EU’s normative aspirations and its actual foreign policy conduct.     

摄影作品著作权与肖像权的冲突及其解决

人像摄影作品是我国著作权法保护的作品种类之一,但摄影作品上同时存在肖像权人的肖像权。著作权和肖像权经常会发生分离而分属于不同的主体,权利竞合和冲突由此产生。本文试图通过分析人像摄影作品的权利冲突种类,并结合国内外的实践,确立两种权利冲突解决的一般规则。     

简单合并立法就可以吗？——评民法典草案第84条船舶碰撞法律适用规范

船舶碰撞是典型的海上侵权行为,其原因的复杂性和后果的严重性都超出了一般民法所调整的范围,所以各国海商法中都有专门的章节调整船舶碰撞法律关系.但各国碰撞实体法在船舶外延、碰撞种类、赔偿范围等方面都有较大的不同,而国际上有关碰撞的公约及其调整范围都非常有限,所以涉外船舶碰撞准据法的确定仍有赖于各国冲突规范的指引.通过考察部分国家冲突规范和有关国际公约的规定,比较我国民法典草案第84条涉外船舶碰撞法律适用条款,分析该条款存在的问题,并借鉴其他国家成熟的立法经验提出相关的立法建议.