道德选择的心理分析

选择是个人在自己面临的各种可能性之间进行取舍的一种特殊活动.道德选择是内外自由耦合作用的结果,其主要的心理机制是道德判断力和自我意识.通过对道德选择的流程进行信息加工分析,可以进一步理解道德选择的具体过程.道德的两难选择则是双趋冲突、双避冲突的表现,有着不同于一般道德选择的内涵、特征及其作用,它是人们处于两种冲突的利益关系之中必须作出行为决断的选择.道德两难选择也意味着在个体面前发生了两种利益冲突,二者必选其一.个体可以通过增强平衡机制处理道德选择中的冲突和矛盾.     

Confectionery and Conflict Resolution? What Chocolat Reveals about Mediation

A close analysis of the film Chocolat discloses a new metaphor for the mediator — the mediator as cook. The use of this metaphor throughout the film suggests new insights about mediator style and practice. Specifically, the mediator–protagonist in Chocolat demonstrates that: (1) mediations need not be voluntary to be sound, (2) non-neutral, directive, evaluative mediators can be effective if they individualize their approaches to each disputant and dispute, and (3) effective approaches to mediation celebrate emotion and pleasure, contrary to many conflict resolution theorists who write about the importance of emotions, but do not privilege them in practice.     

Peace agreements in a near-permanent civil war: Learning from Sudan and South Sudan

The conflicts in the formerly united Sudan have led to millions of deaths since the country's independence. The Naivasha Agreement was meant to end these wars. The January 2005 agreement foresaw a future where the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement and the Sudanese government would coexist within the framework of a united country. Subsequently, in 2011, however, the country was partitioned and the conflicts in Sudan and South Sudan have continued unabated. Interrogating the treaty texts and employing a case study approach and analysis of the economic and power dynamics within the region, this paper addresses the reason behind the failure of the comprehensive peace agreement and subsequent agreements intended to bring peace after partition. It becomes evident that the same dynamics that fed the partition of the country have helped bring conflict within its two successor states. In short, agreements are not sufficient to build peace.     

Inter-ethnic (In)tolerance between Turks and Kurds: Implications for Turkish Democratisation

Using public opinion survey data, this study investigates the determinants of inter-ethnic (in)tolerance among Turks and Kurds in Turkey. Our empirical analyses show that, compared with Turks, Kurds have a relatively higher level of tolerance towards the ethnic out-group. Our findings also suggest that different dynamics and factors mould Turks’ and Kurds’ tolerance towards ethnic out-group members. Religiosity, (ethno)nationalist orientations, inter-ethnic contact, threat perception and economic factors are the most consistent variables shaping Turks’ tolerance towards Kurds. In contrast, religion-related factors and inter-ethnic social contact do not have a statistically significant effect on Kurds’ tolerance towards Turks. (Ethno)nationalist orientations, however, appear to reduce Kurds’ tolerance.     

保释制度价值论纲

保释制度既具自身的内在价值,又兼实现诉讼经济、遏止超期羁押等方面的外在价值,但在具体实施过程中也存在一定价值冲突.目前而言,保释可分为“权利保释”与“裁量保释”两种模式.为实现保释制度适用价值的最大化,我国在引入该项制度时,应借鉴各国的已有成果及实践经验,并结合本国的司法实际进行理性选择.     

Altering conflict attitudes through prenegotiation contact

This experiment investigates the hypothesis that prenegotiation contact improves conflict attitudes between adversaries. Many different literatures theoretically support variations on this theme, but there has been very little empirical work which directly tests the idea. Using experimental methodology and an international conflict simulation to collect data, the findings from this study demonstrate that there is a strong recasting effect associated with prenegotiation contact. Attitudes are changed in relation to the conflict in general, views of the opponent, and views of self. While the results strongly support the positive effect of prenegotiation contact upon conflict attitudes, important questions are raised regarding other theoretical and empirical dimensions of the process as it relates to international conflict resolution.     

动力学视角下的冲突解决策略

传统的冲突解决策略是基于问题解决模型,它着眼于各方的利益关系和沟通、控制等因素在解决冲突中的作用;动力学系统模型主要从推动冲突的吸引子出发,探讨冲突演化的过程。动力学的观点认为,冲突解决的关键在于改变系统内在的动力学性质,即引发和决定冲突演化趋向的吸引子,冲突的解决策略则主要从打破系统的封闭性、改变系统的反馈环路、恢复系统的多维性、创造和激活潜在的正性吸引子等方面入手。冲突解决的最终目的是使冲突各方形成新的心理和行为模式和不同于以往的心理和社会环境。     

避免双重征税协定适用中应注意的几个问题

随着我国对外经济联系进一步加强,收入与纳税人的国际化趋势凸显,如何避免和减少双重征税具有举足轻重的作用,同时,税收协定在消除国家间双重征税壁垒中,发挥着越来越大的作用.对避免双重征税协定适用的特殊性进行分析,提出根据相关冲突法原理和规则处理双重征税所涉及的若干问题的路径和方法.     

中国物权冲突法体系之重构

我国物权冲突法在信托的法律适用、有价证券的法律适用、动产物权的法律适用、无形财产的法律适用、运输工具物权的法律适用方面存在一定的困境。构建中国财产权冲突法体系以取代物权冲突法体系能解决这些困境。财产权冲突法体系能涵纳各种类型的财产权,具有开放性与包容性,并使有关冲突规则在财产权冲突法领域的适用更具有系统性、逻辑性与针对性。     

Mapping national identity narratives in Ukraine

Since 1991, the absence of the concept of a Ukrainian nation and national identity has led to a controversial, often ambivalent process of identity formation. The aim of this paper is to analyze and map the widely shared concepts about national identity that exist in Ukrainian society after 20 years of independence. Analysis of 43 interviews with Ukrainian political and intellectual elites reveals five different shared narratives: (1) dual identity; (2) being pro-Soviet; (3) a fight for Ukrainian identity; (4) a recognition of Ukrainian identity; and (5) a multicultural-civic concept. Each narrative is characterized by three main features: a coherent structure with strong internal logic and justification of its legitimacy; connection to a specific conception of power and morality; and an opposition to other narratives. All these features lead to the perception of society as a zero-sum game where one narrative must prevail over all others. At the same time, all these features ensure that there can be neither an overwhelming victory of one narrative over others nor a satisfying compromise between them. The results shed light on the complex process of narrative construction of identity and power in newly independent states.