Evaluation of Lip Prints on Different Supports Using a Batch Image Processing Algorithm and Image Superimposition

This study aimed to develop and to assess an algorithm to facilitate lip print visualization, and to digitally analyze lip prints on different supports, by superimposition. It also aimed to classify lip prints according to sex. A batch image processing algorithm was developed, which facilitated the identification and extraction of information about lip grooves. However, it performed better for lip print images with a uniform background. Paper and glass slab allowed more correct identifications than glass and the both sides of compact disks. There was no significant difference between the type of support and the amount of matching structures located in the middle area of the lower lip. There was no evidence of association between types of lip grooves and sex. Lip groove patterns of type III and type I were the most common for both sexes. The development of systems for lip print analysis is necessary, mainly concerning digital methods.     

论侦查决策之概念

侦查决策,即侦查中的决策活动。“决策”是“侦查决策”的种概念,“侦查决策”是“决策”的属概念。侦查决策是侦查主体在侦查活动中,在一定的客观条件下为达到一定的目的,为确定侦查的行动目标和行动方法而进行的一系列筹划、优选和决断活动。侦查决策这一概念的引入,为我们在侦查决策理论学术研究中开辟了一条深入研究侦查活动中的决策活动的道路,也开辟了一条从决策这一独特角度深入研究整个侦查活动过程的道路。     

‘Look into my eyes’: can an instruction to maintain eye contact facilitate lie detection?

Abstract

Traditionally, research on offender profiling has investigated the relationships between offender behaviour and offender characteristics. However, evidence about offender behaviour is not the only evidence available at a crime scene. This study extends previous collaborative research between forensic scientists and psychologists (e.g. Bond & Sheridan, Journal of Forensic Science, 52, 1122–1128, 2007) to investigate how forensic science can assist in the psychological process of offender profiling. Specifically, the potential utility of footwear impression evidence in the task of offender profiling is investigated. Using 155 domestic burglaries, the consistency and homology assumptions underlying offender profiling were tested. Evidence supportive of both assumptions is reported. A multiple regression analysis identified significant relationships between cost of footwear and employment status, age of offender, and the relative deprivation of his/her residence.     

Survival strategies of widows and their families in early modern Holland,c. 1580–1750

This article analyses the impact of widowhood upon women in early modern urban society in Holland. Widows were able to maintain their households and to minimize the discontinuity with their lives when married. A remarkably egalitarian inheritance and marital property law, access to a broad range of occupations, a privileged status, an extended poor relief system, institutionalised mutual assistance and new forms of financial provisions for widows enabled widows to survive after the loss of an adult male breadwinner. However, legal rights, social provisions and economic opportunities available to women in the Dutch Golden Age and thereafter, could not prevent social polarization after women lost their spouse.     

Managing a large household. The gender division of work in orphanages in Dutch towns in the early modern period, 1580–1800

Early modern social institutions were modelled analogous to the family, and work within these institutions strongly depended upon the co-operation of women and men. This type of organization seems to be contradictory to processes of professionalization and bureaucratization. This article investigates to what extent professionalization and bureaucratization took place in early modern orphanages and how this influenced the gender division of work. By analyzing various occupations, remuneration and access to work in three Dutch orphanages it becomes clear that the frequently mentioned characteristics that made ‘typical’ women's work combinable with women's reproductive tasks, were not all applicable and cannot wholly explain female access to these occupations. Work was characterized by an increasing differentiation, hierarchy and, to a certain extent, bureaucratization tendencies. At the same time, the gender division sharpened. However, the late eighteenth century ideology of women as nurturers and the strong analogy to the role women were supposed to play within the household prevented exclusion from this domain.     

强制性侦查措施法律监督机制之完善——从修改后的《刑事诉讼法》第115条谈起

强制性侦查措施直接关系到犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的权益,违法适用或者不当适用强制性侦查措施,会对当事人的合法权益造成极大的损害。为了促进侦查机关正当适用强制性侦查措施,检察机关应强化对强制性侦查措施法律监督的职责。修改后的《刑事诉讼法》明确了检察机关对强制性侦查措施的法律监督权,但相关制度仍需进一步完善。     

比较法视野下我国的侦检关系及其完善

只了解一国法律制度的人,不可能真正认识本国的法律制度。当今世界,无论是实行＂侦检分离＂的英美法系国家,还是实行＂侦检一体＂的大陆法系国家,侦检关系不再是绝对的＂分离＂或＂一体＂,而都强调侦检双方的协助与合作。针对我国现行侦检关系的暴露出来的诸多问题,以检警双方的＂适当结合＂为核心,建立一种＂检察引导侦查＂新型侦检关系,于理有据,于实有利,符合中国的国情和现代刑事诉讼制度的发展规律。     

地方性知识与延安时期的民族问题研究

延安时期中国共产党根据抗战需要,结合当时国内形势,充分调动党内知识分子特别是文艺界的创作激情,借鉴陕北及周边地区各族群众的地方文化,将民族统一战线的理论成功地贯彻到了基层百姓的生活中。这一时期的各类文艺作品不仅体现了延安整风对知识分子的改造,更表明了党的民族理论基本立场。依靠陕北群众的地方性知识,党内民族研究机构对于回族、蒙古族进行了初步研究,为建国后进一步深入的研究奠定了重要的基础。     

试论侦查模式的转变

侦查模式是指研究侦查行为与犯罪行为对抗中的自然现象、社会现象的理论图式和打击犯罪、保障人权的方案。我国侦查模式以打击犯罪为基点 ,对人权保护尚显不够。同一认定是刑事侦查活动的基础理论之一 ,它与侦查模式是内容与形式、目的与手段的关系。为了实现打击犯罪、保护人权的双向目标 ,我国侦查模式要实现“从案到人”、“从人到案”向“从证到案”、“从证到人”的转变