我国法院调解制度的改革设想

调解作为我国民事审判的一项重要制度,在解决民事纠纷、缓和人民矛盾中起了极为重要的作用,但是随着时代的发展,我国的调解制度显现出许多弊端。文章就新时期我国的民事调节制度改革作了简要评析与探讨,以期我国民事调节制度之完善。     

我国司法制度改革的理想与现实

司法独立是一项具有"公理"性质的内容.在我国,法院制度的"泛行政化"已引起了广泛的关注,并提出了各种有意义的改革建议.然而我们不可以回避自身的传统和现实,我们从来都不具备西方经典司法独立模式的"土壤".因此在借鉴人类政治文明的成果的同时,寻找一条切合我国国情的、务实的渐进改革思路,是我国司法制度改革的既理想又可行的改革路径.现阶段的司法制度改革应首先将法院的审判职能与行政职能分开,淡化行政在审判中的色彩,并在现有审判人员制度改革的基础上逐渐过渡到相对理想的法官独立制度.     

我国法官的重组与分流研究

法官职业化和精英化是法治对现代司法体制的必然要求。我国现有法官人数过多,素质不高,不能满足这一条件。因此,应在重新界定我国四级法院性质和功能的基础上,按照现代审级制度的要求确定各级法院的法官员额和任职资格,并对现任法官进行重组与分流,以优化法院人员结构,构建法官少、辅助人员多的新型法院。     

论侦查构造中的裁判者

侦查阶段同刑事审判阶段一样,也存在对立的双方:控方和辩方。在侦查构造的控辩双方中必须要有一个中立的裁判者。法院作为侦查构造中的裁判方会产生对案件的实质审查,导致“先定后审”;由检察机关来担负侦查构造中中立者的角色,与检察机关作为法律监督机关的定位是一致的。但是,由于检察机关的权力重叠、角色冲突,作为侦查构造的裁判者角色也有一定的障碍。因而必须改革检察机关的职权,确立检察机关只行使监督权,其侦查权划归其他部门隶属。检察机关通过行使对侦查活动的在场权、建议权、评判权、处罚权、司法审查权和消极侦查权等来实现对侦查机关的监督,从而成为侦查构造中的中立者、裁判者。     

Not just welfare over justice: Ethics in forensic consultation

The ethics of forensic professionalism is often couched in terms of competing individual and societal values. Indeed, the welfare of individuals is often secondary to the requirements of society, especially given the public nature of courts of law, forensic hospitals, jails, and prisons. We explore the weaknesses of this dichotomous approach to forensic ethics, offering an analysis of Psychology's historical narrative especially relevant to the national security and correctional settings. We contend that a richer, more robust ethical analysis is available if practitioners consider the multiple perspectives in the forensic encounter, and acknowledge the multiple influences of personal, professional, and social values. The setting, context, or role is not sufficient to determine the ethics of forensic practice.     

行政决策失误评判标准确立的基本立场问题研究

在经典的法学论著中,权责一致是经典权力哲学观颇为看重的基本逻辑。构建法治中国,"有权必有责,用权受监督,侵权要赔偿"的理念正在成为政府官员深入骨髓的认识。在政府权力运行的决策领域中,努力建构权力规范、程序安全的责任追究机制,科学有效界定行政决策失误的评判标准无疑是行政决策责任追究制度中一个极为重要的问题。行政决策失误评判标准的确立应当秉持依据标准与社会标准的有机统一,满足过程与结果导向的需要,实现行政决策的效益均衡。     

An Issue of Grave Concern

正China’s buried historic relics are under severe threat of theft After one and a half days of presentations and voting by a 21-judge jury,China’s top 10 archaeological discoveries in 2013 were announced by the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of     

论弹劾法官的标准

法官只在枉法裁判时才应受弹劾 ,这一标准符合我们的直觉思维。但法律的或然性以及法官内在思维过程的难以把握性 ,决定了这一标准常常是不切实际的。此标准只能在极有限的范围内保留使用。应该主要采用的是“公信力”标准。公信力是法官之为法官的必要条件。如果法官因其各种关联行为、非关联行为而丧失公信力 ,那么他就应该被弹劾去职。此一标准具有较强的实施便捷性 ,并对法官的违法行为有由表及里的治疗效果     

完善刑事诉讼法官回避制度之思考

实现司法公正是法治社会永恒话题。司法公正包括实体公正和程序公正。法官回避制度在刑事诉讼中意义重大 ,但存在不少问题。笔者从完善刑事诉讼法官回避制度的角度 ,提出了一系列的立法建议 ,以期达到为实现司法公正的终极目标做出微薄贡献。     

THE POWER OF DIVERSION: INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS AND SENTENCING DISPARITY UNDER PRESUMPTIVE GUIDELINES*

Fiscal constraints and shifting political climates in corrections have recently led to a renewed interest in intermediate punishments. Despite their growing prevalence, though, relatively little empirical research has examined the judicial use of alternative sanctions as a sentencing option. By using 3 years of data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS), this study investigates little‐researched questions regarding the use of sentencing alternatives among offenders and across contexts. Results indicate that male and minority offenders are the least likely to receive intermediate sanctions, both as a diversionary jail or prison sentence and as a substitute for probation. The probability of receiving an intermediate sanction also varies significantly across judges and court contexts and is related to county‐level funding for these programs, among other factors. Findings are discussed as they relate to contemporary theoretical perspectives on the perceived suitability of intermediate punishments and on the unique role that offender agency plays in the sentencing of these cases. Directions for future research are discussed.