澳门检察制度的基本特色

澳门检察机关与法官、预审法官构成司法当局 ,具有独立的司法机关性质。其警检一体化模式具有合理性。预审法官对侦查的分割具有合理性 ,而预审法官对公诉权的分割则兼具合理性和冲突性     

军事法官的角色冲突与重构

从理论和现实角度考察, 把我国军事法院专职审判人员的称谓统一为“军事法官”是合适的。在我国现行军事司法体制下, 军事法官受到了公正法律世界、军队政治机关、军事社区文化三种权威的制约,相应地存在着理性人、社会人、经验人三重角色的分离。军事法官处理个案无异于在上述三种角色期待之间调和冲突并寻求最佳位置。我国军事诉讼立法资源稀薄, 军事审判适用规范庞杂, 军事司法的相对独立性得不到应有的尊重, 导致军事法官的角色定位与行为模式选择很难满足司法公正的内在要求。因此, 有必要调整军事司法机关的归属地位, 改革军事法院内部管理体制和工作程序, 提高军事法官的综合素质, 加快军事诉讼立法步伐。     

Evaluating expertise in forensic anthropology

The medicolegal system relies on the ability of experts and non-experts alike to make judgments about expertise and use those judgments to reach consequential decisions. Given the lack of standard criteria, mandatory certification, or licensure for establishing expertise required to practice forensic anthropology and testify as an expert witness, we sought to understand how individuals assess and identify expertise in forensic anthropology by using a social science tool called the Imitation Game. This tool assesses immersion in a specific area of study via discourse, with the premise that some individuals lacking expertise themselves imitate or attempt to pass as experts. For this project we recruited volunteers with varying expertise in forensic anthropology to participate in interviews which asked questions about the practice and structure of the discipline. Those interviews were transcribed, anonymized, and evaluated by other recruited individuals with varying expertise in forensic anthropology. Results found that judges who were experts in forensic anthropology performed better than non-expert judges in determining who was not an expert in forensic anthropology based on their anonymized responses; however, nearly half of the non-experts were still able to pass as experts in forensic anthropology. The difficulties in assessing expertise based on discourse interactions demonstrates the value and need for well-defined credentials and mandatory certification to practice forensic anthropology. This study demonstrates that accurately identifying expertise in forensic anthropology may be challenging for both experts and non-experts, especially when relying solely on interactional expertise rather than formal assessments of competency which directly elucidate contributory expertise.     

Reasons why law students should have access to learning law through a skills-based approach

The Legal Education and Training Review identified gaps in law students’ key skills development and this paper considers how skills training in three key areas of mooting, negotiation and client interviewing can be maximised so that law students have a sense of themselves as lawyer as well as law student from the beginning of their legal education. The research identifies numerous benefits to learning law through skills-based activities, but also discovers some possible apprehensions about participating from a student perspective. This paper draws on data taken from students who engaged in short-term optional courses in client interviewing, negotiation and/or mooting and considers the responses to a survey conducted prior to participation, a reflective survey post-completion and a focus group exercise. In total 64 students responded to the questionnaire. The research explores the expected and actual benefits of participating in the courses, discusses how these impact on students’ perceptions of their employability and the types of activities considered most valuable. The article considers how, in light of the research, experiential learning can be put to best use within the law curriculum.     

The state of North American higher education in corporate public affairs

This paper assesses the state of higher education in corporate public affairs (CPA) in North America. Educational offerings in many fields have mushroomed in recent years, and many courses of study are currently available that didn't exist even as recently as a decade ago. Is this true in CPA as well? For the most part, CPA offerings are not as plentiful as some observers would previously have foreseen. The paper looks at what educational opportunities are available, identifying areas that show promise for growth or expansion, and outlines a number of factors that have to come into place if CPA education is to become more prevalent than it currently is. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

法律和法官革命

面对新世纪 ,我们的法律和法官 ,都将面临巨大的变革。作为法官 ,所能做的最重要的莫过于培养现代法律之理念 ,理解其精神 ,感知其呼吸     

法官如何正义地思考——因应网络舆论的司法行为理论

在当下中国司法改革的背景下,运用兼容程序正义与实质正义的法官思维,是化解网络舆论与司法审判紧张关系的必要之举。从司法正义的思维流程上看,法官必须把握契约前设、环境认知、原则建构、程序操作诸方面的关键要求,尽力涵摄网络舆论正义吁请的个体主义、国家主义和传统主义特性。因应网络与舆论的司法行为理论要求以科学发展的思维,实践司法均衡的理想;以灵动的司法政策调控,应对多变的民意和舆论;以协商民主的方案,整合网络舆论的异议,增进司法民主功能。     

中国语境下的宪法解释方法的艺术性运用

随着国内的许多案件先后都适用了宪法审理案件,国内逐步地开始认可我国的宪法司法适用及其宪法解释方法的运用。但是宪法司法适用中的解释不同于立法性解释、英美国家的法官解释以及哲学意义上的解释。源于美国的司法审查制度的合宪性推定原则被引介并发扬,中国的宪法方法论更应该成为一种中国语境下的合宪性推定,并被法官在具体司法实践中被艺术性的运用。     

意思自治精神与法官的角色

意思自治精神一般要求法官在民事纠纷审判过程中原则上只是在双方意见不一致而提出请求裁定申请时才进行介入。但在我国民事审判中,当事人意思自治精神却被限制在十分狭小的领域,法庭投入了较大的热情,积极调查取证、询问证人,去发现案件事实,甚至不惜违背作为现代审判基础的不告不理原则。笔者针对最高人民法院的《若干规定》,建议在我国民事审判中明确规定“积极否认事实的自白”以及“权利自白”的法律效力。     

加强廉政文化建设 提升医师职业精神水平

医师职业精神与医疗行业廉政文化要求是高度同一的,以患者利益为首位是共同的核心内涵,追求公平正义是共同的目标指向,尊重患者是共同的行为要求。目前我国医师职业精神中存在道德素质低下、逐利和缺乏行业自治等问题。基于这种现状,我们应当积极加强医疗行业廉政文化建设,尤其要注重加强道德教育、制度建设以及行业自治,促进医师职业精神水平的提升,进一步推动我国医疗行业又好又快发展。