法律职业化要求与大学法学教学的应对

法律职业化是实现法治的重要条件,亦是各国法学教育欲实现的重要目标。法律职业化要求对大学法学教学的影响是全面的。大学法学教学应作出应对：在法学教育模式、法学教育培养目标、法学课程设置、法学教学师资水平以及法学教学方法等方面需作出相应调整和改进,才能适应法律职业化要求。     

What Difference Does a Robe Make? Comparing Mediators with and without Prior Judicial Experience

This article reports the results of two studies. The first study, based on the responses of attorneys to questions about the reasons for the success of mediators with and without prior judicial experience, shows that the capacity of the mediator to gain the confidence of the disputants was most important for mediators with and without prior judicial experience. Although certain process skills were viewed as important to the success of both former judges and nonjudges, in general, process skills were significantly more important for nonjudges than for former judges. The capacity to provide useful case evaluations, on the other hand, was significantly more important for former judges than for nonjudges. The second study, based upon attorney responses to questions about unsatisfactory mediators, reinforced the conclusions of the first study regarding the importance of confidence-building attributes. For both judges and nonjudges, the mediator's inability to gain the confidence of the parties was a major reason for his or her lack of success.     

Dr. Death? Professionalism,Virtue, and U.S. Physician Participation in the Death Penalty

In the United States at present, the death penalty is a possible sentence in 31 out of 50 states, as well as within the military and for federal cases. In the U.S., numbers of executions are declining, in part due to moratoriums in place and challenges to execution by lethal injection. Participation by physicians in lethal injection executions has been steadfastly viewed by professional medical organizations as contrary to their ethical standards. However, physicians have participated in lethal injection executions, and the morality of the death penalty itself is a matter of intense social and political debate. Medical ethics commentators and professional organizations have typically held that the prohibition on physician participation in the death penalty is independent of the ethical status of the death penalty itself. This article argues that this view is untenable, and that it is tied to a view of professional role virtue that is similarly untenable. At the same time, it argues that, given the morally uncertain status of the death penalty, it is plausible that virtuous physicians may either refuse or choose to participate in some aspects of the death penalty.     

裁判请求权保障与法院审判人员的优化配置

在实行法官员额制改革过程中,必须一并考虑法院审判人员的分类管理和优化配置问题。在民事诉讼中,为保障公民的裁判请求权,对于民事纠纷案件的审理,必须配置入额法官;对于非讼案件的审理、诉前或审前的法院调解以及立案登记等程序事项的处理应交由司法实务官进行,从而让法官专注于民事纠纷案件的审判,以更好地落实公民的裁判请求权保障之宪法理念。司法事务官不同于助理审判员,其不能审理所有的民事案件;司法事务官也不同于法官助理,司法事务官不是法官的助手,其可以依法独立行使职权。司法事务官不是宪法意义上的处理民事纠纷的法官,司法事务官不必进入法官员额。     

法律职业主义

律师制度起源于西方,法律职业主义是其主流指导理念。法律职业主义由三大基石构成。随着现代批判性思潮对其批判的展开,有必要重新审视国家主义、商业主义以及技术性职业主义和公共性职业主义的利弊。我国学术界和律师界所持的多是技术性职业主义的观点,政府的管制理念存在一定的模糊与混乱。以容纳多种伦理观为己任的“市民公共领域”理论,可能是建构我国律师职业定位新模式的可行路径。     

论行政法解释两种形态的差异、成因与效力

行政法的适用解释存在着行政机关的解释和司法机关的解释两种形态 ,但是由于行政官与法官在法律思维上所存在的差异和工作环境的差别 ,使他们对法律的解释会形成不同的特点 ,而这些特点也同时决定了两种解释形态的不同的法律效力。     

常识与理性（二）：法官角色再审思

法官的裁判员角色已然作为常识,根植于我们的知识体系之中。但理性告诉我们,法官不是普通的裁判员,他还充当了社会秩序的维修者、社会公正的建设者和社会良心的守护者等角色。正是这些角色,让法官承载了社会工程师的使命。不过,法官的职业特性决定了它只能是＂适用规则的社会工程师＂,法官必须恪守执行性、修复性与具体性等基本法则。     

一部终局判决刍议

将诉讼事件的一部分与他部分分离,先予终结的终局判决,即称一部终局判决。我们所熟悉的判决绝大部分都是全部终局判决,而对一部终局判决的认识则相对匮乏。一部终局判决可以简化审理过程．避免当事人与法院进行不必要的纠缠,进而节省诉讼资源,同时可以使当事人就该一部终局判决部分先获解决,使得胜诉者之私权早获保护。     

Potential Impact of Research on Adolescent Development on Juvenile Judge Decision‐making

This paper discusses how biological and psychological literature on the developmental differences between juveniles and adults may affect juvenile judges in their “dual role” as retributive and rehabilitative decision‐makers in juvenile cases, specifically focusing on sentencing. Particularly, it discusses potential influences of this research on adolescent development regarding four factors known to be integral in juvenile judge decision‐making: legal factors, characteristics of juvenile offenders, and individual structural and social contexts in which judges’ decisions are made. To conclude, implications and recommendations stemming from this discussion are considered.     

Policy Alienation of Public Professionals: A Comparative Case Study of Insurance Physicians and Secondary School Teachers

Currently, there is an intense debate on the pressures facing public professionals in service delivery. Several studies show increasing discontent among professionals toward policies they have to implement. In this article, we aim to contribute to this topic by analyzing this discontent of public professionals in terms of “policy alienation.” The policy alienation concept is used to frame the experiences of professionals in a coherent theoretical framework. We have used a qualitative comparative case study of Dutch insurance physicians and secondary school teachers to study the factors that influence the degree of policy alienation across different domains. Our article shows that facets of New Public Management are important in explaining the pressures on public professionals implementing public policies. However, others factors are also prominent, and the degree of the implementers' professionalism seems especially important. These insights help in understanding why public professionals embrace or resist the implementation of public policies.