实践中的民事审判——四个中级法院民事一审程序的运作

本稿是在特定理论模型支撑下对若干有代表性的中级法院民事一审程序运作状况展开实证调查而取得的一项初始性成果。调查采用案件卷宗抽样、访谈、参与观察、问卷和文献研究等方法,就庭前准备、开庭样式、各类证据的使用情况及结案方式等方面程序的实际操作做了系统的了解,并对"非正式开庭"等调查中新的发现进行了较深入的分析。调查结果显示了在审判方式改革给司法实践带来重大变化的同时,诉讼模式转型仍在进行之中的实际状况。     

海牙《协议选择法院公约》对中国国际私法立法的启示

海牙《协议选择法院公约》作为国际范围内统一民事管辖权和外国判决的承认与执行的重要成果,建立了“排他性法院选择协议”的管辖权模式,采用了新的“国际性案件”划分标准,鼓励选择诉讼作为解决争议的方式,针对被请求国承认和执行惩罚性赔偿判决问题达成了妥协,为中国国际私法立法,特别是《民事诉讼法》的修订具有重大启示。     

违法性认识与刑法认同

刑法规范具有行为规范和裁判规范一体两面的双重功能——既是行为人指导行为的基本准则,又是司法者依法进行裁判的规则体系。生活中由于行为人总是受制于种种“前见”而选择自身行为,其对行为规范的理解往往同反映法共同体当下要求的裁判规范并不一致,于是便产生行为人在刑法上的违法性认识错误问题。由于刑法上的双重规范意义同属于对同一行为的社区价值评价范畴,两者在社会主流文化价值观念上应当尽可能求取一致。因此,解决违法性认识错误问题,应以社会主流价值观念作为司法最终的裁判标准,同时注意发挥刑法裁判规范对应然价值及未然秩序的导向作用。     

宪法实施视域中司法裁判宪法援引的实证分析

全面推进宪法实施采用广义的宪法实施内涵,有利于将宪法基本原则和宪法规范贯彻落实到国家与社会生活的各个领域。司法裁判中的宪法援引是宪法实施在司法领域的具体实践,因此,对宪法援引的实证研究能够获得宪法实施的直观印象。借助于新兴的大数据技术,检索含有宪法援引内容的裁判文书,对其进行统计学处理和分析,形成关于宪法援引案件的系统性认知。在此基础上,运用宪法学原理对宪法援引进行解析,以主体为宪法援引的区分标准,将其分解为当事人宪法援引与法院宪法援引两种不同类型,便于深入考察司法实践中宪法援引的具体方式和实际效果,进一步印证宪法援引在推进宪法全面实施过程中所具有的实践价值。     

多手段并用型"套路贷"犯罪若干问题探析

多手段并用型"套路贷"犯罪是一种以非法占有被害人财产为主导、采用多种违法犯罪手段逐步实施、实现侵财目的的犯罪,其侵犯的法益应表述为"必要法益+选择法益"。其中,侵犯财产权的必要法益具有构成"套路贷"犯罪与否的定性功能;侵犯"经济、社会生活秩序"的选择法益是在行为符合"为非作恶,欺压百姓"标准的基础上判断"套路贷"犯罪主体是否恶势力的重要因素。对于多手段并用型"套路贷"犯罪的数罪处断,应将法益标准与数罪关系结合起来考虑,即首先应根据"套路贷"犯罪侵犯的必要法益对个罪进行分类,然后再考虑个罪之间的数罪关系确定处断规则,从而作出择一重罪处断或数罪并罚的选择。     

My Stomach Fell Through the Floor: The Moment of Not-Knowing What to Do

Youth workers routinely experience moments in their professional practice with young people when, despite their experience and training, they are simply at a loss for what to do, how to respond, and how to be helpful to the youth. These experiences of not-knowing are seldom shared with other youth workers, which contributes to a climate of shame and humiliation. Professional supervision seldom attends to how youth workers experience these moments and their personal and vocational costs. This study presents a phenomenological investigation of how youth workers experience moments of not knowing what to do, identifies five central themes of the experience, and makes recommendations for improved youth work practice and supervision. This chapter presents the research question and its significance to the field of American youth work.     

Contextualizing Not-Knowing: Terminology and the Role of Professional Identity

This chapter provides a context for the concept of not-knowing, including a discussion of how the concept was framed. The experience of not-knowing in professional youth work is framed in relationship to other concepts explored by the social work and therapeutic literature (including vicarious trauma, helplessness, secondary trauma, and burnout), as well as those offered by the limited youth work and nursing literature discussing similar concepts (disruption and hurt, suffering, commitment in spite of conflict, and the struggle to go along when you do not believe). The standing of youth work in the professions and its own struggles to professionalize are explored, with attention to how not-knowing affects and is affected by these efforts.     

It's Just a Little Too Human: Questions of Vocation

SUMMARY

Among youth workers who experience moments of not-knowing what to do, many often describe their thoughts and reactions to the phenomenon in vocational and existential terms. They ask what right they have to work in the helping professions if they find themselves simply unable to be helpful. In many cases, the vocational crises following experiences of not-knowing contribute to burnout and youth workers' decisions to leave the field altogether. This chapter describes the fourth of five themes associated with youth workers' experiences of not knowing what to do: questions of vocation. In addition to presenting the dominant theme, this chapter discusses the three variations on it, as described by youth worker participants: (a) What am I supposed to do? (b) Who am I to deal with this? and (c) Maybe the problem is me.     

规范的构成要件要素

由价值关系的概念或评价概念所表述的构成要件要素,是规范的构成要件要素。规范的构成要件要素分为法律的评价要素、经验法则的评价要素与社会的评价要素。规范的构成要件要素并不等同于不明确的构成要件要素,相反具有存在的合理根据与积极意义。法官应当以特定的违法性为导向理解规范的构成要件要素,并根据规范的构成要件要素的不同类型,采用相应的评价标准判断案件事实是否符合规范的构成要件要素。