论司法权运行改革下的合议庭负责制的构建

司法体制改革大背景下,安徽地区法院更多关注与研究的应该是司法权运行改革下的合议庭负责制如何更好地构建。笔者对当前合肥市法院审判权合议庭制度的运行现状进行了调研,发现当前合肥地区案多人少的矛盾非常突出,法院审判资源配置不足,相对固定的合议庭审判团队组建困难;合议庭审判职权与审判管理权界定不明确;合议庭内部流程制度不健全职能弱化等突出问题。笔者进而结合实地对全国部分试点审判权运行改革法院的考察情况,提出了安徽地区法院司法权运行改革下的合议庭负责制的构建一些想法:要优化审判资源的配置,配齐组建新型的合议庭审判团队;要合理界定审判权与审判管理权,充分发挥合议庭的审判职能;要理清合议庭提交审委会讨论案件范围与形式,真正实现"让审判者裁判,让裁判者负责";要明确合议庭负责制内部工作流程,确保合议庭内部运转正常;要健全对合议庭的考核监督激励机制,调动合议庭的工作积极性,加强合议庭的工作责任心。     

民警在治安调解中的效力分析

治安调解作为警察行政管理中的一项重要职能,对维护社会治安、稳定公众情绪起到至关重要的作用。在市场经济体制下,我国基层公安民警愈来愈多地面临着在处理治安违法的同时需要附带解决由此产生的经济纠纷,具有化解群众矛盾、厘清经济纠纷作用的治安调解被广泛运用于治安执法过程中。然而,在立法和司法实践中,治安调解与人民调解、诉讼调解的效力并未实现有机衔接,有必要厘清应对之策。     

People with special needs and sexual behaviour problems: balancing community and client interests while ensuring effective risk management

Abstract

Deinstitutionalisation movements of the mid-1900s led to changes in policy and practice in the management of people with special needs (defined for this article as people with severe and persistent mental illness, intellectual disabilities and high levels of personality factors that interfere with treatment participation). Although the majority of clients with special needs receive care in community settings and interact more with family, friends and others in the community, some such clients require more rigorous case management. For clients who have offended, especially sexually, community-based services are scarce, and concerns regarding reoffence potential often supersede traditional understandings of diminished capacity. Recent reports suggest that jails and prisons have replaced hospitals as the institutions-of-choice for clients with special needs who engage in inappropriate conduct. This paper examines policies and practices regarding community risk management of people with special needs who have sexually offended. Vignettes are provided to illustrate how some clients and agencies have been affected, and suggestions are made to ensure best practices in risk management and public safety.     

Sexually violent predators and civil commitment: is selection evidence based?

Sexual offenses represent an alarming proportion of crimes committed yearly. To address these concerns, several states, including South Carolina (SC), have enacted laws requiring sexually violent predators (SVPs) to be civilly committed to treatment. To date, no published study has examined sexual offenders recommended for treatment in SC. This study used a specially designed statewide database (SC-SVP research database) to determine which offender and offense characteristics were associated with increased likelihood of being recommended for civil commitment. Factors correlated with being more likely to be recommended included: being of a younger age at time of evaluation, prior sex convictions, having related and unrelated victims, a higher number of victims, frequent substance use, and a history of suicide attempts. Prior sex convictions, having both related and non-related victims, and a higher total number of victims align with characteristics associated with sexual recidivism. Frequent substance abuse and a history of suicide attempts do not mirror previous findings regarding sexual recidivism. These findings present new information regarding the civil commitment process of offenders being committed to the SC-SVP treatment program, characterize types of offenders committed to SC-SVP treatment program, and provide a foundation for using a computerized database in conducting sex offender research.     

行政诉讼司法建议制度的功能衍化

行政诉讼司法建议原本是一项裁判执行措施,但随着最高人民法院司法政策的变化,其发挥的事实功能被大大扩展。实践中,行政诉讼司法建议在规范性文件修改中发挥着功能性审查的作用。从社会变迁的视角观察不难发现,维稳压力、协调和解政策与地方发展型政府的模式变迁,诱发了对于行政诉讼司法建议的制度性需求,从而迫使司法建议成为行政诉讼工具箱中的重要工具。行政诉讼司法建议制度的功能衍化,为法社会学研究提供了一个极具价值的制度样本,亦为行政诉讼法的未来发展提供了背景材料。     

The Impact of Daubert on the Admissibility of Forensic Anthropology Expert Testimony

Forensic anthropologists anticipated a significant impact from the 1993 Supreme Court Daubert decision, which addressed the standard of admissibility for expert testimony. In response, many forensic articles cited Daubert in the search for objective techniques or a critique of established subjective methods. This study examines challenges to forensic anthropological expert testimony to evaluate whether Daubert has actually affected the admissibility of such testimony. Thirty cases were identified that addressed the admissibility of the testimony, including 14 cases prior to Daubert and 16 after Daubert. Examination of these cases indicates that post‐Daubert cases do not result in more exclusions. Yet, this lack of exclusions may instead be viewed as a manifestation of the field's overall surge toward more objective and quantifiable techniques in a self‐regulating response to Daubert.     

论特别权力关系问题之解决路径——以“否定说”为视角

特别权力关系理论在近些年已经成为我国行政法的热门话题,行政法学者也对其进行了深入的研究和激烈的讨论,笔者探讨了目前我国是否需要特别权力关系理论,并且对于特别权力关系问题提出了相关解决路径.     

第三人同意的无证搜查：美国联邦最高法院伦道夫案评析

美国的刑事诉讼无时无刻不体现着"控辩双方平等武装、平等对抗,法院居中裁断"的精神.犯罪嫌疑人与他人分事住宅的事实意味着该特定空间内的所有权益均可由任意一方处分;第三人同意警方搜查有罪证据是犯罪嫌疑人必须承担的风险.犯罪嫌疑人的反对不具有实质意义,共同权利人的同意足以满足宪法的标准;与他人共享住宅的事实限定了犯罪嫌疑人主张个人隐私的实际范围.     

强奸罪的文化学分析

强奸罪作为人类文明史上一个古老的犯罪命题 ,其立法模式是文化所认可的各种态度与价值的缩影。传统的强奸罪立法模式深植于男权制社会之中。 2 0世纪中后期以来 ,域外出现的强奸罪立法新模式反映了人们性观念及价值观的改变 ,是理想主义的结晶。基于现实国情 ,我国在强奸罪立法模式上可走一条现实向理想逐步过渡的渐进路线 :在坚持现行刑法典规定的前提下 ,对特殊个案按强奸罪新模式作出处理 ,以个案判决逐步影响民众的观念 ,最终实观立法的转变。     

从民事特别程序的实施现状谈司法权威的缺失与确立

在我国,司法机关的权利受到立法的严格限制,同时,习惯又促使我们过多的寻求行政机关或其他民间力量的救 济。而司法机关拥有合法的权利和令人信服的威望是法治的前提,因此,提高司法机关的宪政地位以及扩大司法机关的权力是必 要且必须的。