著作财产权客体结构中的使用行为——审视著作权法权利作用“焦点”的一个阐释进路

知识产权客体是一种多重构造体系,除涵盖知识产权处分客体(知识产权利益)以外,还存在知识产权支配客体(使用行为)与行为客体(抽象物)之分。就著作财产权而言,权利作用"焦点"的行为客体路径更多制造的是表述模糊的历史性概念,在权利边界的设定方式上难以限定,并不能一劳永逸地解决著作财产权的权利作用"焦点"困境。著作财产权的支配权能并非指向独占之作品,而是限制他人对作品的某些使用行为。支配客体(使用行为)路径始终贯穿于著作财产权的权利作用"焦点"思路当中。在反思著作财产权的支配客体,对使用行为进行定性与价值判断时,应避免时下"合理使用"原则、"三步检验法"传统规则的价值偏向与闭合趋势。使用行为的"商业性"和"公开性"(即"公"、"私"区分)作为"合理使用"原则、"三步检验法"等使用行为定性及价值判断基准仍具有重要的补充和参考作用。     

中国警察权益救济构筑探析

近年来,警察权益受侵害情况越来越严重,这对公安机关的正常运转带来巨大考验。公安机关应端正侵害警察权益案件的应对措施,在法律、管理、制度等方面维护公安民警的合法权益,明晰警察行为准则,完善警察权益救济措施,从而保障警察权益不受损害,提升警察执法自信。     

Towards a democracy-centred ethics

Abstract

The core idea of this paper is that we can use the differences between democratic and undemocratic governments to illuminate ethical problems. Democratic values, rights and institutions lie between the most abstract considerations of ethics and meta-ethics and the most particularised decisions, outcomes and contexts. Hence, this paper argues, we can use the differences between democratic and undemocratic governments, as we best understand them, to structure our theoretical investigations, to test and organise our intuitions and ideas, and to explain and justify our philosophical conclusions. Specifically, as we will see, a democracy-centred approach to ethics can help us to distinguish liberal and democratic approaches to political morality in ways that reflect the varieties of democratic theory, and the importance of distinguishing democratic from undemocratic forms of liberalism.     

America First? Trump,Crime, and Justice Internationally

ABSTRACT

“America First,” as presented by President Trump, argues for an international strategy that persistently places America’s interests above those of anyone or anything else. Consequently, Trump has reshaped the international perceptions of the United States and has created more difficulties for the U.S. in coordinating of global leaders in resolving complex issues in the world. This essay reflects on how Trump and the United States are viewed internationally, the impacts of Trump’s anti-immigrant and pro-White nationalist rhetoric, Trump’s responses to humanitarian crises around the globe, and the potential impact of Trump’s stance on global climate change. Given these considerations, it is questionable whether “America First” policy has made “America Great Again” in the eyes of the world.     

信用的权利化及其民法保护

在我国，信用权利化的提出有着特定的立法背景。通过对信用法律调整历史沿革的考察可以发现，信用的内涵是不断发展变化的，从最初关注主体在伦理道德方面信守承诺的情况，扩展到主体的综合经济能力。现代民法对信用的调整以社会对主体的信用评价为核心，信用作为社会对主体综合经济能力的评价，已非主体性要素，且已从“内在化的伦理价值”外化为“客体化的人格要素”，成为一种具有典型性、独立性的人格要素。因此，有必要也能够将信用权利化为具体的人格权，以确保民事主体获得客观公正的信用评价。     

我国海上犯罪体系亟需健全与完善

我国海上犯罪体系指由国际刑法规范和我国刑法规范所调整的各种具体涉海犯罪构成的统一体。我国现行海上犯罪体系存在诸多缺陷和不足,难以适应我国实施海洋发展战略、履行国际条约义务和维护我国海洋权益之需要,亟需健全与完善。     

Two sides of the same coin: can campaigns generate support for both human rights and retributive violence?

ABSTRACT

Do framing strategies that are effective at encouraging pro-social behavior, such as participation in human rights campaigns, also mobilize support for violence within the same subjects? We use an experimental research design to examine individuals’ reactions to personal, humanizing narratives about past victimization. Participants are randomly assigned to one of eight treatment groups, which variously highlighted the humanity of the subject, the intensity of the past violence, and/or an evocative photograph of the subject that underscores her loss and vulnerability. We expect narratives that emphasize the subject’s humanity will encourage the audience to see the subject as innocent and as a victim, but also to feel angry about her experience. As a result, individuals will be more likely to defend the subject’s human rights, and to condone her use of retributive violence. We find that humanizing narratives lead respondents to simultaneously support a human rights appeal on the subject’s behalf and her use of retributive violence. Perceiving the subject in the narrative as innocent or as a victim mediates these effects, but anger often does not.     

系统论视域下平台劳动者劳动权益保护的基本逻辑

新型平台用工方式的多样性和复杂性决定了构建劳动者劳动权益系统性保护的必要。从系统论视角审视,新型平台用工方式冲击了我国传统以劳动关系构建起的劳动者劳动权益保护系统,突出表现为劳动从属性弱化割裂系统整体性,多层嵌套性用工消解系统层次性,内外环境互动渠道受阻影响系统开放性。研究认为,借鉴系统论相关原理,我国平台劳动者劳动权益保护的基本逻辑应遵循三条路径展开：加强系统整体性,推动劳动从属性各要素的优化重组;扩容系统层次性,构筑劳动关系分层分类保护体系;提高系统内外环境开放性,构建政府、平台、工会、平台劳动者等多元协同治理场域。将平台劳动者纳入系统保护中,推动我国劳动者劳动权益保护系统迈向更高层次的动态平衡。     

浅谈我国公民基本权利的法律保障

公民基本权利是表明权利人在国家生活基本领域中所处的法律地位的权利。宪法对公民的基本权利的确认,从立法上反映了公民在国家生活中的地位,从而体现了国家的本质。要使公民基本权利得到有效保障,既要靠宪法和具体的法律、法规,又要靠增强公民的权利、义务观念,有效遏制违法行为来实现。     

论劳动者安全健康权益的保障

保证生命安全是人的最基本需求。“安全发展”体现了科学发展观“以人为本”的本质特征。目前我国安全生产形势十分严峻,伤亡事故频发、职业危害严重,劳动者安全健康合法权益受到侵害。只有实现安全发展,劳动者的生命安全得到切实保障,社会才能和谐稳定,经济才能持续发展。因此,构建社会主义和谐社会,必须从保障劳动者安全健康切身利益这一现实问题入手。