Demystifying the Park Chung-Hee Myth: Land Reform in the Evolution of Korea’s Developmental State

The developmental state literature emphasises the importance of state autonomy and capacity, with a particular focus on a Weberian type of meritocratic bureaucracy. Existing studies of South Korea’s economic development generally credit Park Chung-hee for establishing such a state. This article questions this assessment with careful process tracing of the development of a meritocratic bureaucracy in the country. The findings suggest that the contrast between the predatory Rhee regime (1948–1960) and the developmental Park regime (1961–1979) has been exaggerated. Meritocracy in South Korea’s bureaucratic recruitment and promotion systems developed gradually over several decades, including during Rhee’s regime as well as the short democratic episode (1960–1961). What then explains the evolution of a developmental state in Korea? This article suggests that land reform contributed to not only creating social structural conditions favourable to state autonomy but also promoting the development of a meritocratic bureaucracy by propelling rapid expansion of education and by mitigating the extent of political clientelism.     

国外企业合并控制反垄断法发展趋势的分析

本文较详尽地分析了国外企业合并控制反垄断法从严厉走向宽松的发展趋势 ,指出我国在选择运用这一法律制度时 ,应注意兼顾国家产业政策 ,加强对垄断性企业合并认定标准的经济分析     

论耕地的法律保护

耕地是土地的精华 ,保护耕地是事关全国大局和中华民族子孙后代的大问题 ,永远忽视和放松不得。笔者认为 ,耕地保护的基本目标是耕地总量动态平衡 ,耕地特殊保护应以土地利用规划为依据 ,严格实行耕地的法律管制 ,惩处非法占用行为     

论土地经营权行使中的“承包方同意”规则

《农村土地承包法》第43条、第46条和第47条分别规定了“投资改良土壤”“再流转”和“融资担保”情形下土地经营权人须征得土地承包经营权人同意的“承包方同意”规则。法理逻辑上,“承包方同意”规则乃是平衡与协调农地保障功能与市场功能冲突的法技术,亦是土地承包经营权“管理权能”的行使方式之一。规范属性上,其既非效力性强制性规范,违之亦不构成无权处分,而属于私权限制性规范,目的在于不同私权利益关系对抗和竞争下对土地承包经营权人权益的优先保护。司法适用上,应区分投资改良行为与再流转两类不同情形,对于违反“承包方同意”规则的行为,承包方可通过自主意志选择有利于自己的后果或在对抗力层面获得优先保护。     

完善农村土地承包经营权流转制度的法律思考

近十几年来,随着我国农业和农村经济的发展,特别是农业产业化经营的兴起和农村劳动力转移这一状况演进发展,被誉为＂中国第三次土地革命＂的土地承包经营权流转速度明显加快,规模不断扩大,形式多种多样,这是对家庭承包责任制的有益补充和完善,也是我国农业迈向现代化的未来之路。引导、规范农村土地承包经营权的合理流转,是当前摆在我们面前的重大课题。     

论国土资源系统权力监督制约机制的构建

国土资源管理部门拥有行政审批权、执法权、大额度资金的管理和支配权等,在土地使用权和矿业权审批、土地和矿业权交易市场建设、土地价格和矿业权价款评估、储量详审、地质灾害危险性评估、矿山地质环境影响评价、行政执法、重大项目资金使用等重点部门和关键环节的管理、制度建设和执行上还存在多种权利运行风险点,涉土涉矿腐败案件呈现出易发多发态势。特别是国土资源管理部门领导干部的违法违纪案件,已严重影响国土资源管理部门的社会形象,严重损害政府机关的公信力。因此,要强化国土资源系统的管理体制、监督体制和用人机制的建设,科学规范权利运行的各个环节,形成监督制约的长效机制。     

Agrarian adaptations in Tajikistan: land reform,water and law

In Central Asia, agriculture and water management have ranked as the two most important economic activities in this arid environment. These activities gained even more prominence during the Soviet era as planners expanded irrigation into previously marginal land that bolstered their vision that the best land be allocated exclusively for cotton production. In the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan has enacted laws meant to expand and clarify land use categories to meet the dual targets of expanding food production within the country while maintaining as much land as possible in cotton production – their economic mainstay. To this end, the Tajik government instituted five categories of land tenure. Though comprehensive, these new dispositions merely mask a continuation of top-down agrarian decision making implemented during the Soviet period. Consequently, this change has created new problems for farm labourers as they struggle to adapt to post-Soviet life and negotiate with the new bureaucracy in the face of ‘de-modernization’ and the loss of jobs, wages, and in many cases, access to productive land. This research demonstrates that the means by which the Tajik government expanded food production has contributed to agricultural problems apparent at the time of independence.     

我国农村土地承包经营权流转研究

农村土地承包经营权流转是当前我国土地制度改革和创新的成果,也是化解"三农"问题的关键环节。以我国农村土地承包经营权法律性质流变为考察路径,对我国当前农村土地承包经营流转的特点、存在的问题及成因进行详尽分析,有助于在制度层面上对其流转的范式加以完善。     

对政府公信力的现实思考——以扬州卖地事件为案例

在现代社会,完善各类公开办事制度、提高政府工作透明度和公信力是提高政府诚信度的重要保证。然而。扬州市政府却因扬州卖地事件损害了自己的公信力。究其原因,主要是政府在此次事件中缺乏以民为本的理念。依法行政的观念淡薄,科学发展的意识欠缺。因此,增强地方政府公信力,地方政府必须牢固树立科学的行政理念,大力推进政府法治化进程,建立政府诚信监督机制及民众与政府良性互动机制,完善政府诚信管理体系。     

乡村振兴与农地流转体制机制创新研究——基于地权配置的视角

“乡土中国”是我国农村的基本社会事实。土地问题是农村经济体制改革的逻辑起点,也是深化改革的关键着力点。优化地权配置,通过土地流转提高农地利用效率是乡村振兴战略的核心。从地权配置角度切入,剖析乡村振兴与农地流转之间的内生关系,探究了当前农地流转的成绩、不足以及困境,以图耦合地、人、业、钱等要素的关系。为推进农地流转体制机制创新,应当加快法律法规体系建设,建立健全网络化的农地流转市场并充分监管农地用途,合理界定相关权利主体及其行为边界,激活土地的多层次权能,促进现代农业与小农户有机衔接,同时健全社会保障体系,减少农地流转的后顾之忧,殷实农民获得感。