农用地流转有效机制探讨

有效的农用地流转机制是统筹城乡发展的重要突破口。该文肯定了农用地流转的意义，分析了农用地流转与耕地保护之间的矛盾冲突，并在此基础上借鉴一些地方的特色土地流转模式，探讨了农用地流转的有效机制。     

被征用土地作价入股制度研究

伴随着我国城市规模的迅速扩张及城市化进程的加速,大量集体所有土地被国家征用作为新增建设用地.然而,失去了这种生活基础的农民的利益却未得到充分的补偿,从而使失地农民成为社会弱势群体中的弱势.为了保障失地农民的生产和生活权益,针对这一群体的特点,我们应该尽早建立起一种长效机制以为他们获得收益提供新的途径.     

我国土地征收补偿制度的现状、存在的问题及其完善对策

当前,引发我国土地征收纠纷的最主要原因是土地补偿问题。本文考察了我国现行土地补偿制度的现状,分析了我国现行土地补偿制度在补偿的标准、范围、方式等方面存在的不能适应当前现实需要的成因,并提出相应的完善建议。     

Improving Policy Effectiveness: Land Use Planning in a Devolved Polity

Improving public policy efficiency and effectiveness in land use planning is an established priority on the prevailing political agenda in the UK. Practical measures to enhance policy formulation in local land use development plans in Scotland offer an interesting case study of an attempt to improve policy consistency, and to secure efficiency gains in policy authorship. This article considers the specific focus on the drafting stage of public policy‐making drawing on insights provided by research into the production of model policies in Scotland. It questions the extent to which such an initiative will promote a more robust public policy‐making discipline in light of the policy cycle. The discussion of the case study illustrates a practical attempt by central government to enhance public policy‐making at the local level, while raising questions about the dangers of invoking a technocratic and instrumentalist approach to policy analysis.     

中国共产党与当代农民土地情感迁变——以湖南省溆浦县桐木坨村农民为例

中国传统农民对土地有着深深眷恋之情。建国后,中国共产党从建设社会主义现代化强国出发,通过一系列农村政策改变农村的经济结构、社会组织结构和生产经营方式,导致农民的土地情感发生相应变化,从传统的眷恋逐步演变为集体化时期的“厌弃”,在承包责任制后又转变为“逃离”。农民土地情感的这种迁变是社会进步的表现,并为中国共产党制定正确的土地政策提供可资参考的依据。     

重构我国土地征用制度的思考

土地是农民最基本的生产要素,也是农民最重要的财产,是农民祖祖辈辈赖以繁衍的物质基础。土地征用作为一种涉及农民土地重大权益的措施,是指国家为了公共目的而强制取得其他民事主体的土地并给以补偿的一种制度。由于现行的土地征用制度形成于计划经济时代,其赖以存在的制度环境已经转变,不适应性和滞后性日益凸显,在现实中暴露出制度绩效低下等一系列问题。     

Liberation regimes and land reform in Africa. Land politics transcending enmity in South Africa

Truthfulness, the norm of science, is etymologically related to trust. Both concepts are related to ‘tree’, as a symbol for grounded knowledge, for differentiation (the tree of knowledge), for uprightness and reliability (Searle, 1995). Truthfulness generates trust. Trust generates community. The land politics and trust project in South Africa (Askvik and Bak, 2005) investigated how trust relations intervened within and between government institutions engaged in redistribution and management of land. It enquired into trust relations between the land state and stakeholders in land. It assessed how the new ANC‐controlled state intervened into the relation between market‐oriented urban industry and subsistence‐oriented livelihoods on communal land. Could that intervention explain the slow pace of land redistribution? The field work was done in the Northern and the Western Cape provinces. A hypothesis is that unconditional personal trust across institutional boundaries is a condition for post‐colonial, post‐liberation community building. In 2001, aspects of political democracy were in place. Trust relations between government institutions and to stakeholders in land varied, but were limited. Trusted mediators between the institutions, across cultures, were few and far apart. Subsistence‐oriented livelihoods on communal land were there to be transformed to commercial farming. The three‐step Government strategy, growth in the urban economy, commercialisation of rural subsistence production and rural welfare from the urban surplus, augmented separation, disbelief and distrust. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土地资源可持续利用的几个问题

土地资源的可持续利用是农业可持续发展的基础,没有土地的可持续利用,就不可能有农业的可持续发展。我国目前人口众多,耕地相对短缺,又处在工业化快速发展阶段,积极探索土地资源的稳定高效和永续利用就显得特别重要。     

城镇化进程中农村征地补偿制度的思考

我国现行的农村土地征收补偿制度存在着许多弊端，土地征用补偿标准偏低且有失公平，征收范围过宽，征地目的超出“公共利益”的范畴，土地征用补偿范围偏窄，补偿方式单一，补偿金额直接由政府决定，农民无参与权，缺乏民主程序；征地补偿费的分配依据不完善等。完善我国现行土地征收补偿制度，应遵循市场原则，提高征地补偿标准；用法律来明确“公共利益”；建立和完善补偿纠纷仲裁机构和司法渠道；合理分配征地补偿费用。     

农民集体土地权益维护制度亟待创新

计划经济时代沿用至今的模糊的农村集体土地产权制度，使得土地一级市场征地与二级市场供地之间形成巨大利差，诱导地方政府乐此不彼地过度行使征地权。在国家作为土地权形式上的管理者缺位，农民又无权维护自身土地权益的制度安排下，造成了耕地资源流失的难以遏制。对此，及时进行土地产权制度创新，让农民能真正维护自己的土地权益，成为从源头上保护我国有限的耕地资源的最佳路径选择。