中国农村发展与农村土地制度改革

农村土地制度改革是城镇化与农业现代化发展的客观要求。该文通过深入分析中国城镇化过程中的城乡土地利用格局,阐述了古今中外农村土地制度设计的基本原则,提出应有限度地放开农村土地市场,以满足利用市场机制有效配置土地资源的要求,但必须以保障农地生产功能为前提,严格防止土地过度资本化可能带来的弊端。     

Are profits from subdivision development higher in areas with more regulations? A case study of South Kingstown,Rhode Island and some implications for land use planning

Little is known about the relationship between land use regulations and profits from subdivision development. Using data from a heavily regulated market, this article presents analyses that for the first time determine actual profits from subdivision development.

This study found an average profit, measured by internal rates of return, of 29%, which is statistically greater than what scholars consider normal. Profits decreased as time to complete the subdivision increased. Profits also decreased because of delays due to regulations and voluntary decisions by developers. The findings suggest that higher profits could be attainable in more-regulated areas because regulations may create amenities whose value exceeds the costs of providing them, while the same regulations may make it difficult for outside developers to enter the market thus limiting competition among developers. The findings suggest that policy makers should be cautious about regulations that create amenities when these regulations may inhibit competition among developers.     

Declining foreclosure neighborhood effects over time

According to previous studies, residential foreclosures reduce the value of neighboring residential units and the initial negative effects decay over time and space. This study attempts to investigate the temporal path of the initial effects by following cohorts of single-family housing distressed sales (foreclosures and real estate owned sales) over time. A hedonic model estimation of single-family housing sales in Saint Louis County, Missouri, produced larger marginal impacts for new distressed sales in the year 2000 compared with the marginal impact of new distressed sales in 2007, that is, the marginal impact of new distressed sales is declining in at least one housing market. This result holds true for the distressed sale neighborhood impact, the effect of distress on the same unit's future sales price, and the discount on a distressed unit's current “liquidation sale” price.     

毛泽东的干部路线

为了夺取政权,实现以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人心中追求的崇高理想,中国共产党在长期艰苦卓绝的民主革命进程中,逐步形成了任人唯贤的干部路线,即毛泽东的干部路线。这是一条完整的干部路线,包括：德才兼备的干部标准;知人善任的干部政策;五湖四海全面团结干部的原则和通过学习培训及在实践中锻炼干部的途径。毛泽东任人唯贤的干部路线保证了党的任务的实现,有力地推进了党和人民事业的健康发展。     

The conferences

Each of the post-Soviet Central Asian states inherited both inefficient collectivized agricultural systems and an understanding of the nation rooted in categories defined by Soviet nationality policy. Despite the importance placed on territorial homelands in many contemporary understandings of nationalism, the divergent formal responses to these dual Soviet legacies have generally been studied in isolation from one another. However, there are conceptual reasons to expect more overlap in these responses than generally assumed; in this paper, we engage in a focused comparison of three post-Soviet Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan) in order to investigate how nationalizing policies and discourse, land distribution, and ethnic tensions interact with each other over time. We reveal that the nationalizing discourses of the three states – despite promoting the titular groups vis-à-vis other groups – have had limited influence on the actual processes of land distribution. Furthermore, the Kyrgyzstani case challenges the assumption that the effect flows unidirectionally from nationalizing policies and discourse to land reform implementation; in this case, there is evidence that the disruption caused by farm reorganization generated grievances which were then articulated by some nationalistic political elites.     

Large-scale land deals,global capital and the politics of livelihoods: Experiences of women small-holder farmers in Chisumbanje,Zimbabwe

Abstract

Large scale land acquisitions by foreign conglomerates in Zimbabwe have been a recurrent phenomenon within the last five years. This has led to land deals being negotiated with state, individual and nongovernmental actors, leading to the production of agro fuels. This article investigates how the large scale commercial land deals have affected the livelihoods of women small holder farmers, the role of global capital in entrenching discrimination of women and how the politics of resource use and distribution has become a central force in shaping livelihoods in Zimbabwe's communal areas. The article is based on field work that was conducted in Ndowoyo communal area, in Chisumbanje village, from July 2011 until April 2012. The methods used for collecting data were in-depth interviews with the women, interviews with officials from the Platform for Youth Development, a nongovernmental organisation, Macdom Pvt Ltd and Ratings Investments, focus group discussions and personal observations that involved interactions with the women. In 2011, Macdom Pvt Ltd and Ratings Investments, both bio fuels companies owned by Billy Rautenbach started green fuel production operations in Chisumbanje and this has led to the altering of the livelihoods systems of women smallholder farmers. The argument seeks, first, to demonstrate how the company‘s green fuel production systems have led to the loss of land for women and the redefinition of tenure in a communal area. Secondly it explores how the company has been involved in political issues that have undermined the role of development for the women and, thirdly, the article investigates how the women have created livelihood alternatives in an area which has been transformed from a communal rural area into almost an urban area. It concludes by suggesting the need to give primacy to women centred notions of agency in coping with the negative implications of commercial land deals on women‘s livelihoods.     

Writing Roots in Post-Apartheid South Africa

What are the benefits and drawbacks of the popular practice of writing Alex Haley-style Roots narratives—and making roots claims more broadly—in post-apartheid South Africa? This article explores this question through special attention to two South African neo-slave narratives. The first, Botlhale Tema’s The People of Welgeval (2005), is a contemporary version of Haley’s classic that reveals the benefits of genealogical narration particularly in repairing individual trauma and addressing the vexing problem of land redistribution. The second, Yvette Christiansë’s Unconfessed (2006), can be read as text that challenges both the literary model and the psychological and social projects I associate with Haley and Tema, as it foregrounds the gaps or cracks present in such acts of recuperation and focuses on a kind of pain than cannot be assuaged or made up for. I argue that, taken together, these novels concerned both with historical slavery in South Africa and its legacy in the democratic present help us to move beyond a longstanding “roots”/ “routes” dichotomy to understand what roles each term plays for individuals grappling with racial oppression and where, how, and why the terms fold into each other.     

东北亚国际合作与东北第二条亚欧大陆桥建设研究

随着东北亚国际合作进程的加快,珲春—图们江地区形势发生了巨大的变化。其面临的主要矛盾和问题是东北第二条亚欧大陆桥的中蒙"两山铁路"没有打通,中俄国际大通道"通而不畅",中朝国际大通道基础设施环境太差,缺乏稳定的货源。东北第二条亚欧大陆桥迟迟不能开通的原因是吉林省经济实力不强和对其重视程度不够问题,其他大国从中干扰,在与俄朝合作时存在体制机制障碍等问题。因此,协调国内和国际关系,发展跨境经济区合作是解决问题的主要途径。吉林省应和内蒙古自治区联合与蒙古国合作尽早开通中蒙"两山铁路"。通过国家相关部门也应加快与俄朝谈判步伐,尽早获取我国由图们江进入日本海的出海权,大力支持珲春—图们江地区开发开放,争取早日开通东北第二条亚欧大陆桥。     

公共政策视角下的城市土地利用规划

城市土地利用规划在决策过程中,规划价值主体、决策主体与实施主体间有着不同的利益诉求。要实现城市土地利用规划决策权力制衡,扩大和完善公民参与;通过制度加强规划决策过程中决策格局的协调与均衡;加强对政府部门和规划机构的监督,促进政府信息公开。     

农村土地承包经营权征收补偿制度构建——基于对失地农民权益保护之理念

农村土地承包经营权的物权化为农村土地承包经营权成为一项独立征收客体,获得征收补偿提供正当性理论基础,然而现行的农地征收补偿制度构造的理念是建立在债权性的农村土地承包经营权基础上,忽视对失地农民的土地承包经营权单独进行相应的补偿,这与农村土地承包经营权的物权属性产生了严重的偏差,并受其强烈冲击引发了现行农地征收补偿制度的缺憾,亟须对农村土地承包经营权征收补偿进行制度化构建.