英汉文化差异与语言学习

不同社会 ,不同历史背景产生了不同的文化和语言 ,这些文化又会自然地反映在语言中 ,我们学习一门语言 ,不能只是掌握其基本技能 ,还应注意到语言和文化的关系 ,只有充分地了解了这种文化差异 ,我们才能真正掌握好这门语言。     

The Estonian song celebration (Laulupidu) as an instrument of language policy

There is an established body of literature surveying the role of language policy in identity construction. This paper exposes an angle that has been understudied. It suggests that national song festivals may be seen as a tool of ‘implicit’ language policy in Estonia. Informed by expert interviews and ethnographic, this study explores the tensions arising from the dual function of the festival. On the one hand, it sustains the language as the central ethnic-national attribute of Estonians. On the other hand, the ‘affective solidarity’ stemming from joint singing could support a stronger civic attachment to the language and state (by Russian-speaking minorities).     

Shedding Russianness,recasting Ukrainianness: the post-Euromaidan dynamics of ethnonational identifications in Ukraine

Abstract

Euromaidan and the subsequent Russian military intervention brought about a perceptible change in ethnonational identifications of Ukrainian citizens. Based on three nationwide surveys from various years, the present article seeks to measure this shift and explore its underlying factors and mechanisms. My analysis reveals considerable changes in ethnolinguistic identifications, practices of language use, and preferences regarding language policies of the state, which can be seen as a kind of bottom-up de-Russification, a popular drift away from Russianness. At the same time, I demonstrate that changes in identifications by nationality and native language are related to changes in the perceptions of these categories; that is, that they should be conceptualized as measuring people’s perceived belonging to both ethnic groups and civic nations. In other words, as people are shedding their Russianness in favor of Ukrainianness, they are also changing the meaning of being Ukrainian.     

中外语言交流合作与人类命运共同体构建

中外语言交流合作及其品牌项目孔子学院是中国与世界文化交流互鉴的产物,是中国成功融入全球化后文化上影响全球的人文篇章,在构建人类命运共同体的过程中发挥着独特作用。中外语言交流合作与人类命运共同体建设相契相合,是构建人类命运共同体的重要实践,也是中国引领构建人类命运共同体的有效平台和生动载体,中外共建孔子学院为增进国际理解和夯实人类命运共同体搭建语言桥梁、消解文化隔阂、奠定人文基础。中外语言交流合作成为世界多元文明共同体、文化教育共同体、人文共同体链条中的重要一环,必将在人类命运共同体构建过程中展现更大作为。     

Calibrating the perceived strength of evidence of forensic testimony statements

Pattern comparison disciplines use categorical statements to express conclusions. We measured the strength of evidence for six different scales as perceived by members of the general public and fingerprint examiners. The statements came from different types of scales, and included categorical conclusions, likelihoods, strength of support statements, and random match probabilities. We used an online interface that required participants to first correctly sort the statements in a given conclusion scale, and then place each statement on a single evidence axis that ranged from most support imaginable for same source to most support imaginable for different sources. We analyzed the data using both the raw values and a Thurstone–Mosteller model based on ordinal values. We found systematic differences between examiners and members of the general public, such that examiners distinguished between Identification and Extremely Strong Support for Common Source, while members of the general public did not. Statements that included numerical values tended to be placed lower than categorical conclusions, and members of the general public tended to place the highest categorical conclusion in each scale at the very top of the evidence axis. The results suggest that laypersons can distinguish between statements meant to represent moderate vs strong evidence, but tend to place categorical conclusions above statements that involve numerical values.     

论交际策略在高职高专英语教学中的应用

交际策略是语言交际能力的一个重要组成部分,在外语习得中具有重要的作用。由于东西方语言和文化的差异,往往导致高职高专学生在用英语交流时常出现交流受阻或中断的情况。因而,利用真实或模拟的语境让学生了解文化差异,培养学生的交际策略意识和能力,使其在实际交流过程中有意识地扬长避短,才能切实提高学生的英语交际水平。     

从西方语言研究与汉语研究的相互影响看语言共性

自 2 0世纪中期以来 ,语言共性论业已深入人心。但不论在国际上还是在国内 ,语言研究者大多是从语言类型比较或是从对人类语言器官的初始状态的生成解释这样的角度来研究语言共性的。本文试图从语言理论的相互影响这一角度 ,以历史的眼光看待语言共性论 ,从而证明 :尽管不同语言在表层结构上千差万别 ,但就其深层结构而言 ,具有不可忽视的一致性     

国际化背景下我国外语教育的发展战略

在21世纪国际化背景下,科学规划国家教育战略具有必要性和重要性。该文在解析外语教育战略内涵的基础上,对我国外语教育所面临的问题进行分析,同时探索相应发展战略。期望本研究为我国外语教育发展提供一定思路和启示。     

老挝的多语现象与语言政策

老挝地处内陆,与5国毗邻,有49个民族,分为四大语言族群。老挝是一个语言多样化的国家。综观其历史,由于地理、历史、社会、经济、心理以及语言等诸多因素,老挝语不断从其他不同语言吸收大量外来词。而现代老挝语起源发展于殖民地时期和独立后的时期,并受相应时期语言政策的影响。     

论母语对第二语言的正迁移作用

母语对第二语言的影响,一直是外语界关心的问题,但人们关注更多的是母语的负迁移, 而不是正迁移。本文着重讨论母语对第二语言的正迁移作用,并列举英汉共同点及差异之处,以探讨 如何利用这些知识充分发挥母语的正面作用。