“Seeing Her Through a Bamboo Curtain”: Envisaging a National Literature through Chinese Folk Songs

In 1922, Chang Hui (1894–1985) published in Folk Song Weekly ten ballads with a shared motif: “seeing her through a bamboo curtain” (gezhe zhulian kanjian ta). Regarding the ballads as at once ten place-based, local folk songs and one placeless, national poetry, Chang urged attention to the exemplary influence of folk songs on the unification of languages in early twentieth-century China. Throughout the folk song campaign (c. 1918–c. 1927), however, the potential of folk songs to facilitate nationalization of Chinese language and literature remained arguably unfulfilled. This article examines the reasons for folk songs’ lack of influence on modern Chinese literary history. Through an analysis of contesting ideas and agendas regarding the literary nature of folk song, the author reveals that folk songs were rediscovered at a moment of modern Chinese history when prevalent discourses on Chinese language and literature could not fully accommodate the folk, the dialect, or the oral nature of folk song.     

苗语量词研究述评及前瞻

目前有关苗语量词的研究主要是对苗语部分方言区的名量词的描写和分析,对苗语动量词的研究则很薄弱,对苗语各方言区的量词也缺少整体上的对比描写和分析。本文认为可以把苗语黔东方言、湘西方言、川黔滇方言三大方言区作为一个整体,全面考察苗语量词,并从语言类型学的角度出发,对苗、汉量词之间的关系作谱系内的对比研究。     

重建"阶级话语":工会维权的合法化和正义论基础研究

自由主义的个人主义政治理论和马克思主义的阶级政治理论构成了现代社会中两种针锋相对的合法化叙事路径。从深层的社会历史逻辑和政治逻辑来看,只要资本的逻辑没有根本改变,阶级政治话语就始终是资本合法性的批判维度,也始终是工人阶级追求"阶级平等"与"制度正义"的合法化源泉和正义论基础。资本的全球化和我国已成为"世界工厂"的客观逻辑决定了"阶级话语"不可能"退场"。"阶级平等"应该成为"制度正义"的基本考量。     

论时政话语的经济法学研究——以“包容性发展”为例

经济法学界对"科学发展观"、"包容性发展"等时政话语的研究,存在着标签式、嫁接式等功利性的类型,难以对经济法学的发展起到真正的推动作用,也不易起到经济法学研究对重大现实问题的回应作用。此类研究应当坚持独立性与学术性,克制功利性追求。对于法律界而言,"包容性发展"并非属于突破性的概念。     

中越苗语的和谐与竞争

中越苗语具有和谐与竞争的双重特性。和谐性表现为同一支系语言的和谐、不同支系语言的和谐、母语与国家通用语的和谐、母语与当地强势语的和谐,和谐原因与自然地理条件和社会人文因素有关。竞争性表现为支系语言的竞争、苗语与其他语言(包括方言)的竞争、中越苗语的竞争,存在竞争与语言地位和语言功能不等有关。加强中越苗语的研究,能够助力于"一带一路"的语言服务,有利于国家的语言安全。     

鄂伦春语疑问句的类型及其特征

文章运用语言类型学理论视角,以田野调查所获第一手自然语料为基础,描写分析了鄂伦春语疑问句的类型特征及其标记形式。虽然鄂伦春语的极性问句和内容问句两种基本功能类型的标记方式较为单一,但是两种疑问句在语调模式和形态变化表现等方面各具特点。鄂伦春语的极性问句和内容问句在形态句法特征等方面也符合类型学上的诸多共性特征。     

Three models of integration and the Estonian/Russian reality

Abstract

This paper provides a framework for evaluation of Estonia's integration program that the government approved in 2000. It differentiates three “integration” processes that the literature has identified: (1) integration in which Russians and Estonians meld into a common new culture, though predominantly Estonian; (2) assimilation of Russians into Estonian culture; and (3) integration into a common external framework as part of an expanded EU. Relying upon a review of the Estonian and Russian-language press since 2000 and a new survey of 9th year students and their parents conducted in 2002, the paper offers a fourth model of integration in which two integration processes — Russians integrating into Estonian society and both Russians and Estonians integrating into an English-speaking Europe — are taking place simultaneously. Furthermore, the data show that the Estonian government program is reinforcing rather than altering these integration processes.     

论英语教学中学生语感的培养

英语语感是人们对英语的语音感受、语义感受、语言情感色彩的感受等,良好的语感对于学生提升英语学习效果具有重要意义。学生英语语感的获得主要受学习动机、学习习惯和学习环境的影响。加强对学生学习动机、良好学习习惯、英语思维能力的培养和英语学习环境的改良,是培养学生英语语感的有效措施。     

法律语言是法律的精髓

文章从三个方面展示:法律语言是承载法律最有效的工具,"准确"是法律语言的核心价值,重视法律语言研究应该成为一种法律时尚。文章阐明两个重要观点:一是法的世界肇始于语言,立法者与司法者基于法律文本的沟通,法律语境的判断,只能借助法律语言的分析;二是法律语言不但对立法文本,而且对司法解释文本都具有特殊重要的作用。结论 :运用法律语言的准确性是检验立法者和司法者能力的重要标志。     

The Paradox of National Language Acquisition: Russian Speakers’ Labor Market Positions in Estonia

This paper analyzes the changes in the labor market positions of Soviet-era Russian-speaking immigrants and their descendants in Estonia in 1992–2008. More specifically, it explains how the knowledge of Estonian connects with evaluations of changes of market positions. The Estonian case shows that the language policy intervention undertaken in the context of a fundamental transformation of the market structure in the 1990s paradoxically yielded results contrary to the objectives pursued by the language policy. As it turns out, a segregation strategy is successful in terms of market position maintenance or improvement, whereas acculturation strategy (learning Estonian) worsens rather than improves job opportunities.