Radical-right narratives in Slovakia and Hungary: historical legacies,mythic overlaying and contemporary politics

ABSTRACT

In the last several years, radical-right rhetoric has gained further ground in the political discourse of Slovakia and Hungary. This increasingly overt spiral of tension has been fuelled not only by radical-right actors, such as the Slovenská národná strana (SNS, Slovak National Party) and Jobbik (Movement for a Better Hungary), but also by mainstream parties such as SMER in Slovakia and Fidesz in Hungary. The legitimizing radical-right frames have mostly been founded on politicized historical narratives related to the intertwined processes of nation- and state-building in both countries. Pytlas seeks to describe and analyse this phenomenon, focusing on historical legacies, their mythologized reinterpretations as well as their application to contemporary politics. The debates on the Slovak language law of 2009 and the Hungarian citizenship law of 2010 shall be used as empirical examples of this ‘mythic overlaying’ mechanism.     

对我国"法律语言"概念的反思

法律语言概念的定义,在我国多种多样.每一种定义虽然都有其闪光点,但也都有内在的缺陷.多样化虽然促进了我国法律语言研究在许多方面展开,但影响甚至阻碍了研究的进一步深入.尽管科学地重新定义法律语言的概念并不容易,但解决因法律语言多种概念而遗留的问题则更难.     

Swings and roundabouts: The impact of legal drafting on the language and understanding of copyright law and the need for educational materials†

Legislators face the challenging task of drafting copyright law, which takes into account the views of various stakeholders, intended policy and technological developments, whilst ensuring that the wording and language that is used is accurate and precise. Meeting these objectives means that the law in its legislative form can be hard-to-understand, complex and not easily accessible to the layperson. This article explores steps, which have been put in place by various organisations and online resources, to assist in the understanding of copyright for the public and schools, with particular focus on education and teaching materials – as presented on Copyrightuser.org.     

A Glimpse of Medieval Curonian Vernacular Architecture in Egils Saga SkallagrÍMssonar

Interviews were conducted with native Russian and Finnish speakers living in Estonia to examine their perspectives on language policy and usage. The aim was to paint a picture of how they perceived Estonian language policy, providing an insight into the cognitive frameworks within which they work, and into the social and historical factors shaping their discursive environments. For Finnish informants, official monolingualism was not normal, while de facto monolingualism seemed to be. For Russian speakers, the opposite seemed true: those interviewed accepted Estonian's official status but wanted to see more use of Russian ‘on the ground’. Their perspectives reflect their worldviews, which have been shaped by their personal, family, and community realities and experiences.     

Signs and Images——Two Dimensions about the Relation between Language and Picture

With the problems of ‘the predication of literature termination’ and ‘the image times’, the relation of language and picture is the foundation to talk about the ‘picture theory of literature’. From the dimension of signs, language is real reference and picture is phantom reference. Because the signs themselves have predetermined standards as referred concept or meaning. But from the dimension of image, picture is a real presentation and language is phantom presentation, because of the image-consciousness as a perceptual intuition. The two dimensions, as sign or image, are inseparable showing the characters of language and picture and bringing in the deep integration between them.     

论警察语言沟通力的表征与要素

警察语言沟通力是警察在与别人交往时关注、接收、记忆、解析及表达语言的能力。警察语言沟通力的表征是:对语言关注、接收、记忆、解析、构造的敏感、迅速、正确;语言表达符合规则、清晰、流畅、达意、适速、简要;能随机应变地使用语言,有感染力、说服力。警察语言沟通力的要素是:语言注意,语言感觉,语言记忆,语言思维,语言行为及其所产生的表情、声音、文字,语言意志与情感。     

Translating the State: Ethnic Language Radio in the Lao PDR

ABSTRACT

The nation-building project of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic has been challenged by the task of uniting the multi-ethnic country under its political ideology. The Lao National Radio broadcasts in the Khmu and Hmong languages are the only official voice of minority languages and provide insights on how political messages are sent to the population. In their creation of programming material, the broadcasters must translate the socialist ideology of the Communist Party into language that is politically correct and culturally acceptable. In the process, they are creating a political register in the two languages that is heavily influenced by the linguistic structures of Lao. This article examines these two broadcasts to see how language use at the radio effects the message that is delivered to the listeners, enhancing the calls for mobilisation by teaching the people a new political language reflected not only in terms of lexicon, but also in the syntax and phonology of their translations. The result is a way of speaking that crosses ethno-linguistic boundaries to reinforce the control of the state.     

语言潜能的开发与女性参与社会发展

女性参与社会发展,语言潜能的开发非常重要。女性先天具有语言优势,女性应开发这种潜能并利用这一优势积极参与社会发展。同时,社会各部门以及女性自身要重视语言能力,女性应在不断学习中提高语言能力。     

论询问口语运用的基本原则

询问口语是获取证据和线索的重要交际工具。在侦查工作中，要想得到证人、被害人的理解与配合，需要在注意礼貌原则的基础上，把握适合询问的特定语境原则，因人、因时、因地的不同，借助体态语、副语言的配合，有针对性地选择得体的语言表达方式，达到沟通交流，顺利调查取证的目的。     

法律语言研究之我见

法律语言随着法律制度的产生、变革而逐步繁荣起来。人们研究法律语言也从不自觉到自觉、经历了漫长的历史发展过程。目前 ,我国对法律语言研究的成果 ,虽不及英美等西方国家 ,但近十多年也有长足的发展。成果主要是 :研究人员多、形成自己的学科体系、研究论著多。但也存在一些不足 :应用研究薄弱、研究内容呆板、研究方法单一。