优化JX-2试剂组分显现胶带粘面汗潜手印研究

运用JX-2试剂对白色医用胶带和黑色电工胶带粘面汗潜手印进行显现试验表明,当JX-2试剂组分的最佳浓度(水平)为:JX-2荧光染料浓度为1%、饱和CSN溶液最佳用量为2mL、5%I2溶液最佳用量为20滴、异丁醇最佳用量为10滴,对白色医用胶带和黑色电工胶带粘面汗潜手印的显现效果最好。     

工作记忆中央执行功能研究新进展

中央执行功能是工作记忆系统中最重要却又研究最少的一个成分。对中央执行功能的研究存在神经心理学、认知行为、脑成像，以及计算模拟等多种途径。近年来研究较多的执行功能包括：双任务协调、注意转换、抑制优势反应、记忆刷新等。目前该领域的研究热点是，运用潜变量分析和脑成像等多学科的先进手段，对执行功能的可分离性和结构有效性进行研究。     

物理显影液显现渗透客体表面血潜手印方法研究

目的　建立了一种物理显影液显现潮湿或者浸泡渗透客体表面血潜手印的新方法。方法　把检材浸泡在配制好的物理显影液中 ,还原的银粒子吸附在血潜手印部位显现出手印纹线。结果　显现出手印纹线为黑灰色 ,纹线连贯 ,反差明显。结论　物理显影液能够有效地显现出潮湿或者浸泡后手渗透客体表面血潜手印。     

微晶荧光乳浊液显现血、汗指纹的研究

目的　显现非渗透性和半渗透性客体上的血指纹、汗潜指纹。方法　应用微晶小颗粒荧光乳浊液显现血、汗指纹。结果　对常见的各种非渗透性和半渗透性客体上的新鲜和陈旧的血、汗指纹均可显出。结论　该方法与传统的物理显现方法相比较在于显出效果基本不受指纹遗留时间和客体的性质及表面颜色的影响 ,并且此方法实用、可靠 ,同时该配方还可用于非渗透性和半渗透性客体上涉油指纹的显现 ,是常见客体上血、汗指纹显现的一个重要突破     

以指纹工作站为切入点寻找刑事技术新的增长点——铁路公安处对基层指纹工作站日常管理工作的探索与实践

近几年来指纹自动识别系统迅速在全国推广应用,并在实际工作中发挥了明显的破案效益.如何使基层的指纹远程比对工作站发挥作用,为铁路公安日常工作增添新的活力,并和查堵追逃等工作紧密结合起来,提高查堵追逃工作的水平和效率,这是新形势下我们铁路公安刑事技术部门面临的重大课题,也是必须认真思考的迫切问题.     

New optimized DNA extraction protocol for fingerprints deposited on a special self-adhesive security seal and other latent samples used for human identification

Abstract: Obtaining complete short tandem repeat (STR) profiles from fingerprints containing minimal amounts of DNA, using standard extraction techniques, can be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new kit, Fingerprint DNA Finder (FDF Kit), recently launched for the extraction of DNA and STR profiling from fingerprints placed on a special device known as Self‐Adhesive Security Seal Sticker^® and other latent fingerprints on forensic evidentiary material like metallic guns. The DNA extraction system is based on a reversal of the silica principle, and all the potential inhibiting substances are retained on the surface of a special adsorbent, while nucleic acids are not bound and remain in solution dramatically improving DNA recovery. DNA yield was quite variable among the samples tested, rendering in most of the cases (>90%) complete STR profiles, free of PCR inhibitors, and devoid of artifacts. Even samples with DNA amount below 100 pg could be successfully analyzed.     

Optical enhancement of fingerprint deposits on brass using digital color mapping

Abstract: The reflection of visible light from α‐phase brass subject to surface oxidation in air at elevated temperatures is investigated. X‐ray photoelectron and auger electron spectroscopy confirm that covered areas of brass (not exposed to air) display dezincification but an absence of significant surface oxidation, confirming a differential oxidation mechanism. Visualization of differential oxidation is shown to be enhanced by selective digital mapping of colors reflected from the surface of the brass using Adobe^® Photoshop^®. Enhancement is optimal when the brass is heated to ～250°C with areas of oxidation having a mirror‐like appearance. The use of this enhancement method to produce a faithful image of fingerprint ridge characteristics is demonstrated on brass shell casings where fingerprints were deposited prefiring.     

The effect of electrostatic fingerprint visualization on integrated ballistic identification systems

Visualization of fingerprint corrosion on spent brass cartridge cases by the application of a high electrical potential and conducting carbon powder is becoming an accepted method of fingerprint enhancement. However, to date, no examination has been made of any effect this technique has on ballistic identification. To resolve this, images of the breech face and firing pin marks were captured on six plated nickel and six brass primer cup spent cartridge cases. Three nickel and three brass cases were then subjected to the application of a potential of +2500 V for a period of 1 min. The remaining cases were additionally subjected to the application of carbon powder. These latter cases were then washed to remove all traces of powder. Each case was recaptured with the same ballistic identification apparatus and imaging procedure. None of the twelve cases showed any visual difference after the application of the potential or conducting powder.     

Latent evidence detection using a combination of near infrared and high dynamic range photography: an example using bloodstains

In this paper, we use bloodstains to illustrate an approach for identifying latent evidence on dark cloth using near infrared (NIR) photography combined with high dynamic range (HDR) photography techniques. NIR photography alone has been used to capture latent evidence that cannot be seen in normal ambient light. HDR techniques combine multiple bracketed photographs of the same image to increase the dynamic range of the photograph which can provide greater contrast. Using NIR photography alone, we were able to detect a bloodstain up to a 1/16 dilution, an improvement over previous studies. Combining NIR photography with the HDR process resulted in a noticeable increase in visibility up to 1/16 dilution when compared to NIR photographs alone. At 1/32 dilution, we were able to detect bloodstains that were not visible using NIR alone. NIR is a useful tool for imaging latent evidence, and combining NIR with HDR consistently provides better results over NIR alone.     

河北省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒隐性感染情况的调查

为了解河北省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的隐性感染情况,采用RT-PCR方法对2006-2009年采自全省11个地市228个县级屠宰场1 565份商品猪的肺或肺门淋巴结样品进行了PRRSV病原学检测。结果显示,PRRSV场总体阳性率为45.18%;高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)样品总阳性检出率为12.08%,这4年样品的阳性检出率分别为28.45%、40.74%、12.01%和7.31%;经典猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(C-PRRSV)样品总阳性检出率为2.36%,这4年样品的阳性检出率分别为3.45%、3.70%、3.92%和1.46%。PRRSV同猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2型混合感染所占的比率为59.73%,HP-PRRSV和C-PRRSV同其他病原体混合感染所占的比率分别为57.67%和43.24%,混合感染以二重或三重感染为主。在同一份样品中不能同时检测到HP-PRRSV和C-PRRSV。总之,PRRSV,尤其是HP-PRRSV在河北省猪群中隐性感染的现象普遍存在,值得高度重视。