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381.
Andrew Parkinson B.Sc. Michael Colella M.Sc Tegan Evans B.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(3):728-734
Abstract: Criminal acts such as an attack utilizing a radiological dispersal device (RDD or dirty bomb), the manufacture of such a device, or the illicit trafficking of radioactive materials would warrant a criminal investigation. This could involve the collection, transportation, and analysis of radiologically contaminated trace evidence. But are law enforcement agencies and forensic scientists capable of dealing with this? This research investigates the decontamination efficacy of two decontamination techniques (chemical and physical) designed for the removal of radiological material from documents of forensic importance. The impact that these procedures have on the development of latent fingermarks and the forensic analysis of the inks on these documents is also studied. It was found that slight changes in the color and chemical composition of a variety of document inks and a destruction of fingermark ridges occurred after chemical decontamination. Physical decontamination had no impact on these parameters. 相似文献
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Michael Colella M.Sc. Andrew Parkinson B.Sc. Tegan Evans B.Sc. Chris Lennard Ph.D. Claude Roux Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(3):583-590
Abstract: Continual reports of illicit trafficking incidents involving radioactive materials have prompted authorities to consider the likelihood of forensic evidence being exposed to radiation. In this study, we investigated the ability to recover latent fingermark evidence from a variety of substrates that were exposed to ionizing radiation. Fingermarks deposited on common surfaces, including aluminum, glass, office paper, and plastic, were exposed to doses ranging from 1 to 1000 kGy, in an effort to simulate realistic situations where evidence is exposed to significant doses of radiation from sources used in a criminal act. The fingermarks were processed using routine fingermark detection techniques. With the exception of glass and aluminum substrates, radiolysis had a considerable effect on the quality of the developed fingermarks. The damage to ridge characteristics can, in part, be attributed to chemical interactions between the substrate and the components of the fingermark secretions that react with the detection reagents. 相似文献
384.
Erwin J. Alles M.Sc. Zeno J. M. H. Geradts Ph.D. Cor J. Veenman Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(3):628-638
Abstract: In this research, we examined whether fixed pattern noise or more specifically Photo Response Non‐Uniformity (PRNU) can be used to identify the source camera of heavily JPEG compressed digital photographs of resolution 640 × 480 pixels. We extracted PRNU patterns from both reference and questioned images using a two‐dimensional Gaussian filter and compared these patterns by calculating the correlation coefficient between them. Both the closed and open‐set problems were addressed, leading the problems in the closed set to high accuracies for 83% for single images and 100% for around 20 simultaneously identified questioned images. The correct source camera was chosen from a set of 38 cameras of four different types. For the open‐set problem, decision levels were obtained for several numbers of simultaneously identified questioned images. The corresponding false rejection rates were unsatisfactory for single images but improved for simultaneous identification of multiple images. 相似文献
385.
Abstract: Latent fingerprint visualization on discharged shell casings can provide good forensic evidence, particularly if the casing is recovered at the scene of a crime where a firearm has been discharged. Unfortunately, visualization of such latent fingerprints when they were deposited prior to discharge of the firearm is problematic as both increased temperature and abrasive friction can inhibit fingerprint visualization with conventional techniques. We present a case study that demonstrates latent fingerprint visualization on a discharged shell casing recovered 14 years ago from the scene of a homicide. Previous cyanoacrylate fuming of the casing had failed to reveal any fingerprints. We use a visualization technique in which a conducting carbon powder adheres preferentially to latent fingerprint corrosion of the casing surface, following the application of a potential of 2.5 kV to the casing. This technique presents opportunities for the review of old cases and for consideration of its use in current cases. 相似文献
386.
Visualization of Latent Fingerprint Corrosion of Brass 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract: Visualization of latent fingerprint deposits on metals by enhancing the fingerprint-induced corrosion is now an established technique. However, the corrosion mechanism itself is less well understood. Here, we describe the apparatus constructed to measure the spatial variation (Δ V ) in applied potential ( V ) over the surface of brass disks corroded by latent fingerprint deposits. Measurement of Δ V for potential of 1400 V has enabled visualization of fingerprint ridges and characteristics in terms of this potential difference with Δ V typically of a few volts. This visualization is consistent with the formation of a Schottky barrier at the brass-corrosion product junction. Measurement of the work function of the corroded brass of up to 4.87 ± 0.03 eV supports previous results that suggested that the corrosion product is composed of p-type copper oxides. A model for the galvanic corrosion of brass by ionic salts present in fingerprint deposits is proposed that is consistent with these experimental results. 相似文献
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389.
Sungwook Hong Ph.D. Jae‐Hee Park M.Sc. Ju‐Hee Park M.Sc. Han‐byeol Oh M.Sc. Eun‐Ju Choi M.Sc. Il‐Han Cho M.Sc. Yoon‐Jung Mok M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(4):1040-1047
Latent fingermark developing methods from food (mandarin, egg, banana, apple, potato, carrot, eggplant, onion, bell pepper, and tomato) surface has been studied by 10 methods, including powdering method, small particle reagent method, and cyanoacrylate fuming method. The foods were stored under two conditions (room temperature and refrigerator) before fingermark deposition and aged for 2, 24, 48, and 72 h before fingermark development. In most of the food surfaces used in this study, cyanoacrylate fuming with 80% relative humidity was superior to the powder or small particle reagent methods. The quality of the fingermarks varied depending on the storage conditions before the fingermark deposition (in the refrigerator or at ambient temperature) and the time elapsed since the fingermark deposition. However, the storage conditions before the fingermark deposition and the time elapsed since the fingermark deposition did not show any correlation with the quality of the fingermark. 相似文献
390.
Kirti Kumari Sharma M.Sc. Gavash Harsha Kannikanti M.Sc. Tulsidas Ramachandra Rao Baggi Ph.D. Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(6):1859-1866
In the present study, a simple and novel fume–mist technique is described which can be used efficiently to fix the latent fingermarks developed using iodine. It is well known that the residues left over in the fingermarks interact with iodine to give transient brown impressions which disappear in a short time. Also, iodine forms colored complexes with various organic solvents. Based on iodine–fingermark interaction and iodine–solvent complex formation, latent fingermarks were developed on paper surface using iodine fumes which were subsequently fixed by spraying polar and nonpolar solvents. The fingermarks developed with this technique were not only clear but also permanent in nature. The interaction of fingermark residue, iodine, and solvent forming a ternary structure is believed to be a possible reason for the stability of iodine‐developed fingermarks. Ease of method, availability of chemicals, and minimum training make the method adaptable in routine development of forensic fingermarks present on paper surface. 相似文献