我国实施诉辩交易制度的探索

诉辩交易制度在美国等国家的司法程序中被普遍采用。我国能否采用这一司法制度曾引起广泛的关注,褒贬不一。但诉辩交易在中国现阶段确实有其存在的合理性和必要性,只要对其进行合理的“扬弃”,使其适合我国国情,与我国基本法律制度融为一体,对促进司法公正和司法效率必然具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

保释制度的评析及借鉴

保释制度是指对被逮捕或羁押待侦查、审判的人提供担保后予以释放的制度。保释最早产生于英国 ,经过漫长的历史发展形成今日较为完备的一项以保障人身自由为目的的制度。保释制度为国际社会所接受是以其内在诉讼价值作为依托和支撑的 ,其所蕴含的权利保障理念对我国的取保候审制度有一定的借鉴意义。吸取其合理因素来改造取保候审对我国来说更为有利     

诉讼证据制度引入专家证言浅探

目前我国诉讼证据的鉴定结论制度对于解决专门性问题已暴露出多方面的局限性,解决这一问题的办法是引入专家证言制度,即设立专家证言这一独立的证据种类。     

民事诉讼证据的合法性——从最高法院关于录音证据的司法解释谈起

证据的合法性问题 ,无论在诉讼法理论或者在司法实务中都是极具争议的话题。最高法院曾经批复私自录音形成的证据材料不具有合法性、不能作为证据使用 ,新近颁布的《民事诉讼证据的若干规定》对此又语焉不详 ,在理论和实践中引起诸多歧见。为此 ,笔者从最高法院关于私自录音的司法解释入手 ,借鉴民事实体法研究的一些理论和方法 ,深入分析了诉讼理论与司法实务中与证据合法性相关的几个问题 ,并就如何构建我国民事诉讼非法证据排除规则提出了初步设想     

论公益行政诉讼制度的构建

公益行政诉讼是为了排除传统的原告适格理论的阻却而在无传统诉权人的情况下 ,为公益目地而设定的一项救济制度 ,应通过纳入法律援助制度 ,设立前置程序 ,放宽原告起诉条件的审查标准及防止滥诉来保障公益行政诉讼制度的建立。     

消费者权如何救济——以“消费者协会+公益诉讼”为建构思路

消费者权"小额多数被害"的特征要求创新消费者权救济方式,消费者权救济的有效路径是:创设消费公益诉讼制度。消费者组织积极行动能有效克服消费者"羊群效应"现象,建议我国《消费者权益保护法》修订时借鉴境外消费公益诉讼的成功经验,授予消费者组织公益诉讼原告资格,构建我国消费公益诉讼制度。     

庭审方式改革与控辩审之角色定位

刑事审判的效率与公正虽取决于多种因素,但是与刑事庭审的方式确有着密切的关系。在庭审过程中法官调查证据、适用法律的形式、途径以及控、辩、审三方的地位及相互关系对事实的认定、证据的取舍、法律的适用的都会产生直接的影响。我国原有法官唱主角的庭审方式已经不再适应现代刑事司法的要求,庭审方式的改革和完善已成为刑事司法改革的重点内容之一。改革的目标就是厘清控、辩、审三方职能和关系,正确界定法官的地位和作用,确保刑事审判中的控诉、辩护和审判职能应分别由三方各自独立而互不依附的诉讼主体承担,三方的诉讼行为也不得与其诉讼职能相违背,与他们进行或参与审判活动的具体目标应该保持一致。     

我国医疗损害诉讼举证责任分配

举证责任分配问题是整个医疗损害诉讼的核心问题,它关系到原被告双方在诉讼中各自承担哪些举证责任。我国医疗损害贡任举证规则经历了一个变迁过程,根据现行法律法规规定,本文试图从医疗损害责任构成要件、过错推定惰形、免责情形以及一些特殊的医疗侵权责任情形的角度,分析原被告双方在医疗损害诉讼中各自需要承担哪些举证责任,从而明确我国的医疗损害诉讼举证责任分配的基本原则,以期达到公正客观解决医疗纠纷的日的。     

CHILD CUSTODY DISPUTES IN FAMILIES OF MUSLIM TRADITION

Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in America and by all accounts, there are 2.35 million Muslims in the country today. Muslims separate and divorce at rates consistent with the general population and almost half of those born in the United States are in relationships with non‐Muslims. It is not surprising that issues of religious education take center stage in child custody disputes. In addition, 64% of foreign Muslims cite the U.S. disrespect for Islam as the overwhelming factor in their resentment for America and Americans and they constitute the greatest potential risk for child abduction of American Muslim children. As more Muslim Americans separate and access the family law courts, we as lawyers, judges and child custody experts must be prepared to address the unique aspects of religion and foreign travel that these families present.     

PARTNERS IN THE PROCESS: HOW ATTORNEYS PREPARE THEIR CLIENTS FOR CUSTODY EVALUATIONS AND LITIGATION

We surveyed 113 family attorneys regarding what they did to prepare their clients for child custody evaluations and litigation. Findings revealed that participants saw child custody evaluations as useful on a variety of levels and effective in settling cases. In general, participants reported using professionally acceptable procedures, appropriately advocated for their clients, and dealt with complaints in a reasonable fashion. Referrals to mental health professionals in advance of a child custody evaluation were generally made to provide support rather than for evaluation or test preparation. Work product reviews by mental health consultants were infrequent, although such reviews were seen as highly useful by those who used them. Lastly, participants reported that allegations of parental alienation and domestic violence were often used to gain leverage in custody cases. Implications for practice are discussed for both attorneys and evaluators.