Leadership in Local Government: ‘No Girls Allowed’

This article explores the under‐representation of women at the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) levels of Western Australian (WA) local government. It draws on data collected from 21 second tier senior women managers about their perceptions and experiences of leadership within the sector, as well as their aspirations for CEO appointment. By applying critical gender analysis to the data, gender and specifically masculinity emerges as a significant and valued leadership attribute. While this analysis is not unique to local government, what sets the sector apart is its apparent disinterest in examining the reasons for, or the impacts of this continued leadership stereotype when at the same time Australian public and private institutions are challenging these traditional leadership models. This article points to fundamental weaknesses in the formal power structures and processes of local government that support deeply embedded biases about leadership. Perhaps the most significant contributor to these outcomes that emerged from the study is the apparent unencumbered power of Mayors and elected members over all aspects of CEO employment, especially recruitment.     

高校馆藏资源服务地方文化建设管窥——以安徽科技学院图书馆为例

高校馆藏资源提供利用是建设地方文化的重要保障条件之一。高校图书馆在弘扬和促进地方文化建设方面要充分发挥丰富的馆藏资源优势并定位好服务角色。2006年起安徽科技学院图书馆主动对接地方文化建设,面向社会读者陆续开放其馆藏资源。总结安徽科技学院馆藏资源服务地方文化建设的经验如下:转变思想,树立服务社会的理念;利用馆藏资源主动对接地方文化发展的需要;面向社会开放馆藏资源;实现了高校馆藏资源与地方文化建设的良性循环与互动。     

财政分权、地方财政赤字与土地财政

基于地方财政赤字的视角,研究财政分权与地方政府土地财政策略的内在作用逻辑,通过理论分析发现:地方财政赤字激励了地方政府在利益觉醒后利用预算制度缺口,用"扭曲之手"来攫取预算外财政收益,进而驱动地方政府实施积极的土地财政策略来实现财政增收的政策目标。省际面板数据的实证结果进一步验证了财政分权、地方财政赤字对土地财政的正向驱动作用。土地财政的治理从深化分税制改革、改善地方财政收入结构、变革土地财政形成机制、完善行政绩效考核体制、加强预算监管等方面入手。     

中国农村传统“熟人社会”的治安作用探析

费孝通先生在《乡土中国》一书中提出了"熟人社会"的概念,从本质上来讲,当今中国农村仍然是熟人社会的写照。我国农村的熟人社会基于传统关系网络,以礼为行为准则形成了自身的秩序机制,为维护我国农村社会治安起到了引导、教育、惩罚、纠纷调节和共同防御的作用,在对农村进行治安管理时应当充分发挥农村的自治作用,尊重农村风俗习惯,合理引导农村的关系网络。     

报复社会型个人极端暴力犯罪的历史演变与综合防治(1978-2013)

改革开放以来的35年中,报复社会型个人极端暴力犯罪从之初的个别省市偶发逐渐蔓延至全国且逐年攀升,并呈现出以男性犯罪人为主、以纵火和爆炸为主要作案手段、公共场所及中小学校园成为主要作案地点、私人恩怨和个人需求未得到政府满足为案件主要起因、以不特定公众为主要侵害对象、危害后果严重等特点。为了有效防控报复社会型个人极端暴力犯罪,需要全面提高罪前的综合防控与预测预警能力、罪中的现场处置与应急反应能力以及罪后的严厉打击与妥善处置能力。     

地方立法的类型及其创新

地方立法是我国社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分,社会主义法律体系形成之后,对地方立法工作提出了进一步的要求,如何进一步发挥地方立法的功能成为我们需要解决的重要课题。地方立法包括两种类型:地方实施性立法和地方创制性立法。两种类型都各自发挥着不同的社会功能,但在实际运作过程中出现了功能弱化的现象。地方金融立法是地方实施性立法的一种类型,以地方金融立法为切入口,分析如何提高地方立法质量,发挥地方立法的功能。     

Participation,Dialogue, and Civic Engagement: Understanding the Role of Organized Civil Society in Promoting Active Citizenship in the European Union

Abstract

This article looks at current policies concerning the civic and political participation of youths, women, migrants, and minorities in the European Union. It highlights the ways in which active citizenship and civic engagement have become a political priority for European institutions. Representation of local policy actors at the supranational level and strategies for the inclusion of civil society provide a platform for evaluating the impact of Europeanization at the national and subnational level. The article focuses on key discourses and narratives associated with specific policy frames (e.g. European citizenship, European social policies, and the European public sphere (EPS)). Some of the key questions addressed by the article are: What are the strategies that are employed, both by the European institutions in Brussels and organized civil society (OCS), to enhance participation and reciprocal communication? What vision of governance do practices such as active engagement and civil dialogue represent? Drawing on current theories of governance, our article contributes to the debate about the EPS by evaluating the role of OCS in bridging the gap between European institutions and national polities. Equally, our focus on traditionally marginal groups provides a platform for assessing the institutionalization of the ‘European social dimension’.     

冲突、交融、和谐:中国现代性境遇下个人与社会关系的嬗变

五四时期,随着西方文化的传入,中国的个人意识开始觉醒,与传统的群体观念形成激烈的碰撞,其后在救亡图存的压力下,在社会主义集体意识的引导下,个体长期被整合在国家、社会之中。改革开放以来,随着社会结构的转变,个人主义逐渐兴起,集体主义面临困境,个人与社会关系发生裂变。时至今日,倡导和实现"中国梦"要保障个体利益与整体利益的统一,最终达成个人与社会的互塑和谐。     

中欧债务危机法律治理之比较

表面上看,欧盟主权债务危机和中国地方债危机是货币政策失控和财政政策失效的产物,两者都存在整体平衡掩盖了局部危机的特征,在法律治理上均存在刚性约束不足的问题。但中央(欧盟)与地方(成员国)的关系的非制度化,才是中欧爆发债务危机的共同根源。只有通过高级法确立中央(欧盟)与地方(成员国)的财政关系,才能根本上实现对债务危机的有效法律治理。     

科技在风险社会中的利益与风险分配——以转基因技术为视角

科技的发展促成了风险社会的形成。风险社会中的风险有着向下层聚集的特点。以转基因技术为例,在转基因商品化和产业化的过程中,利益被发达国家、跨国公司、生产企业和科学家等获得,而风险却集中在发展中国家的普通消费者尤其是农民身上。根据可持续发展原则,在科技发展中,利益集团有能力也有义务承担更多风险,并在保障普通大众的基本权益不受损害的前提下,优先考虑大众的利益。