白噪声不同信噪比对语音基音和共振峰的影响研究

目的研究不同强度白噪声对语音特征提取的影响,总结变化规律,为带噪语音的声纹鉴定提供参考。方法对TIMIT连续语音语料库中的录音样本加载不同强度白噪声,使用语音工作站提取纯净语音、不同信噪比带噪语音的基频、共振峰,研究分析白噪声对语音特征参数的影响。结果低噪环境下,语音共振峰相对稳定,增大噪声强度,共振峰出现偏移或者无法检出现象;各阶共振峰抗噪能力不同,低阶共振峰抗噪声能力强,稳定度高,高阶共振峰抗噪能力弱,稳定性差,低阶共振峰抗噪能力优于高阶共振峰;基音在各种噪声强度下稳定度高,具备较强鲁棒性。结论信噪比降低会引起共振峰频率偏移,甚至丢失共振峰;噪声对高阶共振峰影响大于低阶共振峰;基频在噪声环境下具备较高的抗干扰能力,声纹鉴定中应重点分析噪声对语音特征的影响。     

大气污染政府间协同治理组织的结构要素与网络特征

大气污染具有扩散性和不确定性,需要多个部门、多个地区的协调配合。建立有效的协同治理组织成为地方政府大气污染治理的重要工作,并已经形成了多种类型的组织。这一背景下,如何有效识别这些组织的特征是区域治理研究的重要议题。协同组织是通过不同行政隶属关系的正式机构连接而成,具有网络特征的倾向,故以Provan提出的共享型(SG)、领导型(NLO)和行政型(NAO)三种网络治理模式为理论基础,结合Ansell合作治理框架提出识别大气污染协同治理组织结构的模型,并以我国实际组织案例进行验证分析。研究发现,大气污染协同治理组织并非与三种网络治理模式完全对应,故分为联席类、牵头类和支持类三种组织。联席类组织适合于合作基础较好的关联区域,对应具有联合性质的组织;牵头类组织适合于范围中等且成员异质性高的关联区域,对应具有领导、指挥和协调性质的组织;支持类组织适合于规模较大且稳定性要求较高的关联区域,对应具有成员多元化或领导性质的组织。     

The role of center of mass kinematics in predicting peak utilized coefficient of friction during walking

Slips frequently occur when the friction required between the foot and floor exceeds available surface slip resistance. To date, the ability to identify variables that predict an individual's friction needs during walking, or utilized coefficient of friction (COFU), remains limited. Understanding COFU in the context of pedestrian/walkway accidents is important as individuals who demonstrate higher COFU are at a greater risk of slipping. This study determined if whole body center of mass (CM) kinematics were predictive of peak COFU during walking. Ground reaction forces and kinematic data were recorded simultaneously as subjects walked. Stepwise regression analysis determined that the combination of the subject's CM-to-center-of-pressure angle and CM anterior (i.e., forward) velocity predicted 62% of the variance in peak COFU during weight acceptance (p < 0.001). The identified relationships between CM kinematics and peak COFU provide insight into how gait and individual anthropometric characteristics may increase risk for slip initiation.     

Searching for Kin Amidst Tragedy—Disaster Victim Identification Operations for US Bangla Flight 211

The nature of air disasters includes factors that exacerbate challenges in the identification process. Of the 49 deceased in the US Bangla air crash in Kathmandu, Nepal, four were intact, 11 presented with burn injuries, another 11 presented with partial charring, and 23 were completely charred. Personal belongings were useful in the identification phases for all types of victims. Fingerprints were obtainable and useful in intact victims and victims with less severe burn injuries; medical and surgical information was useful in bodies with burn injuries; finally, dental findings were useful in cases of extensive charring. Other useful methods in the process included marks of identification, physical features, and exclusion. In certain resource‐limited settings, especially in closed population disasters, where scientific identification (DNA, dental records, etc.) is not currently available, personal belongings, clothing, and physical findings analyzed by an identification team using a structured organization may be cautiously used as the primary means of identification.     

运动神经元病五脏相关性研究

目的 研究运动神经元病患者五脏之间相互影响的规律.方法 从广州中医药大学第一附属医院病案室收集161例运动神经元病患者的中医证候资料,通过SAS软件对五脏各自证型进行典型相关分析.结果 从两脏之间的直接效应看,心与肾、脾与肺的直接通径系数较大,分别是0.853 9和0.740 3,肺与肾、心与肺、脾与肾的直接通径系数次...