道路交通事故成因的综合分析

本文在引入交通事故地点危险系数及其计算公式的基础上 ,建立了一种基于事故成因地点危险系数概率单元分析的事故成因综合分析方法 ,并采用 10 7国道 174 1公里的交通事故数据进行了分析验证。     

Administrative Discretion and Environmental Regulation: Agency Substantive Rules and Court Decisions in U.S. Air and Water Quality Policies

The main challenge of the scholarship with administrative discretion is how to reach the appropriate balance between a commitment to legislative preferences and flexibility in regulating diverse targets in constantly changing environments. This article focuses on how regulators and courts interact in influencing the potential for administrative discretion in U.S. environmental policy. It creates an analytical framework highlighting the construction of substantive rules by an agency, the interpretation of agency rulings by courts, capacity of an agency for implementation, and legislative responsiveness to agency rulings. It analyzes several cases of the introduction of incentive-based economic instruments administered by the Environmental Protection Agency in air and water policies. The cases reveal the intensified and expanded production of substantive regulations by the agency and the trajectory of a struggle in the judiciary to advance both the legislative intent and the substantive goal of protecting the environment in a more cost-effective and less burdensome way.     

大学生就业问题的人口经济学分析

对目前我国高校人才培养结构现状及高校人才培养结构与产业人才需求的匹配状况做了比较深入的定量分析,并通过对分行业(部门)人才就业弹性系数和人才就业产出弹性系数的计算,结果显示出目前高校大学生就业潜力较大与较小的专业,这应引起有关部门和社会各界注意.     

Paternity probability when a relative of the father is an alleged father

When scientists use DNA evidence in court, coancestry effects such as population structure and relatedness are usually ignored. In paternity cases, only if a particular man has the child's paternal allele at a certain locus, can he not be excluded in the paternity dispute. However, it is certainly true that close relatives will be far more likely to have the child's paternal allele than will random members of the reference population. In particular, the probability that the true father's brother has the paternal allele is very much greater than that for any other relationship. In this paper, the authors describe a method for inference in a case where the true father may be a relative of the alleged father. This paper also reports that most current methods overstate the probability that the alleged father is the father.     

基尼系数与流动人口犯罪

伴随着中国加入世贸组织和农业产业结构的调整 ,我国大批农村“剩余劳动力”形成了人类历史上规模最大的“移民潮”。伴随这一进程 ,流动人口犯罪问题日渐突显 ,运用基尼系数这一经济学指标研究流动人口犯罪 ,从经济学的角度探讨原因 ,并以其为依据 ,提出流动人口管理的相关对策     

论国际航空货物运输承运人责任期间

国际航空货物运输承运人责任期间关系到承运人责任的确立,是处理空运纠纷的关键所在。理论上讲,它是承运人承担责任的时间期限,也是主给付义务期间,其实际法律意义是适用航空法责任制度的期间。为保护幼稚的航空运输业,1929年《华沙公约》实行双要素标准,1999年《蒙特利尔公约》创立的单要素标准延长了承运人责任期间,加大了承运人责任。我国《民用航空法》的双要素标准已不适应实践的要求,作者建议实行"法律上掌管期间"标准。     

Measuring the frequency occurrence of handwritten numeral characteristics—An expanded list

In the third of a series of studies and reports, the authors expand on the frequency occurrence proportions of various handwritten features. The first study culminated in the publication of “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics.” That study was followed by “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics.” The premise of this current and future follow‐up studies is to expand on the initial lists of information incrementally by expanding the number of features and the number of writers. This study expands on the list of numeral features. A total of 34 numeral features was selected by the authors as candidates for this study and tested through an attribute agreement analysis. Based on the results of the testing, 17 new features have been added to the list of proportions. The original 1410 handwritten numeral specimen forms were utilized and pared to 1024 to obtain a proper population sampling for the United States. Interdependency testing was conducted on 783 pairs of inter‐character numerals. A coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 was found in 534 (68.20%) of these pairs. As of this report, there are now a total of 42 numerals with measured frequencies of occurrence. This material has already borne fruit as the combined frequency of occurrence studies were explained during an unsuccessful exclusion hearing in court with an explanation as to how these studies support the reliability of forensic document examination.     

Fiscal Decentralization in Comparative Perspective: Analysis of the Intergovernmental Grant Systems in Indonesia and Thailand

Decentralization can inadvertently lead to local fiscal disparity. One type of intergovernmental fiscal transfers, the general-purpose grant, can help equalize local fiscal imbalances. This article examines the extent to which the general-purpose grant systems in Indonesia and Thailand help mitigate local fiscal disparity. The findings show that the general-purpose grant system in Thailand does not effectively address disparities in local fiscal conditions. Localities with more own-source revenues and higher per capita income receive more general-purpose grants than those with weak fiscal capacity. In contrast, Indonesia’s general-purpose grant allocation system provides more resources for economically disadvantaged and conflict-ridden provinces.     

Handling of inspired vaporized ethanol in the airways and lungs (with comments on forensic aspects)

Collections of expired air and chemical determinations of ethanol concentrations in inspired and expired air showed that during prolonged inspiration of ethanol (vapour)-containing air about 55% was absorbed by adult human subjects. The fractional absorption was not detectably affected by variations in tidal volume (0.7-2.1 liters), nor was it significantly reduced in experiments where, due to preceding oral intake, the ethanol concentration of systemic blood was up to 50 times higher than that of inspired air. In these experiments the difference between the rates of change in blood alcohol concentration (beta 60) during and before ethanol inhalation agreed well with values calculated from measured respiratory absorptions. Mass spectrometric recordings of ethanol concentration in expired air vs. expired volume, taken in a state of steady uptake, also gave absorption fractions of about 0.55, and showed that the concentration in end-expiratory air did not fall below some 30% of that of the inspired air. These and other findings show that a large part of ethanol being inspired is deposited in the airway linings to be released again to ethanol-free alveolar air expired through the airways. It is concluded that inspired ethanol deserves consideration as a source of elevations of blood alcohol concentrations.     

国际航空运输领域侵权行为法律适用问题研究

航空法是一个复杂的法律部门,既包括公法又包括私法,既包括国际法又包括国内法。航空器高速飞行和跨界运输的特点,加之各国航空运输领域民事责任立法之间的歧异,不免引发国际航空运输有关法律关系的法律冲突。华沙公约体系也只是在有限的范围内仅仅调整航空运输责任问题,而大量案件的处理需要由冲突规范来指引。受海商法的影响,航空法中的国旗国法原则逐渐被各国实践及公约所接受,但是,与船舶主要航行在无主权存在的海域航行不同,飞机主要在主权国家的上空,所以航空运输侵权行为能在多大范围内适用国旗国法原则是一个亟待解决的问题。本文主要从国际私法角度对航空运输侵权行为法律适用规则中的国旗国法原则及例外作初步探讨。