对"高增长、低就业"原因的粗略分析

近十几年来,我国经济的发展出现了"高增长、低就业"的不协调局面,失业问题越来越突出.直接原因是就业弹性系数大幅度下降.就业弹性系数下降的主要原因,又在于第三产业的发展滞后,阻碍了第一、二产业的过剩劳动力向第三产业转移.因此,要解决我国就业问题,要害之点是要提高就业弹性系数,着力点则是要大力发展城乡第三产业.     

利用车辆动力性原理计算事故车车速误差的探究

目的高速公路上追尾事故时有发生,事故责任判定常要求鉴定被追尾车的车速,尤其对超载货车的车速鉴定。方法本文利用车辆动力性与车速的关系对发生追尾事故的事故车车速计算问题进行了研究。结果应用此法明确了功率平衡方程中主要参数的不同取值对最终车速计算误差的不同影响程度。结论研究表明,滚动阻力系数与坡度两者的取值误差对车速计算结果影响明显,应予高度重视。     

Deaths Due to Accidental Air Conditioner Compressor Explosion: A Case Series

In an air‐conditioning system, the compressor is a large electric pump that pressurizes the refrigerant gas as part of the process of turning it back into a liquid. The explosion of an air conditioner (AC) compressor is an uncommon event, and immediate death resulted from the blast effect is not reported in forensic literature. We report three such cases in which young AC mechanics were killed on the spot due to compressor blast, while repairing the domestic split AC unit. The autopsy findings, the circumstances leading to the explosion of the compressor, are discussed in this study.     

水库下游非均匀沙恢复饱和系数特性

泥沙恢复饱和系数是泥沙数学模型中一个非常重要的参数,其取值合理与否将直接关系到利用泥沙数学模型进行河床演变及相关研究的成败.基于三峡水库蓄水后长江中游荆江河段的实测水沙资料,以本河段三峡水库蓄水前多年平均输沙水平作为泥沙输移方程中的挟沙能力,对水库下游非均匀沙恢复饱和系数进行了率定与分析,并在总结其规律的同时从多个方面对率定结果的合理性进行了讨论.研究结果表明,水库下游非均匀沙恢复饱和系数的数量级一般可达10-3～10-1,并且一般随着泥沙粒径的增大而减小,随着河床冲刷历时的增加和床沙粗化程度的提高而呈递减的趋势.     

In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.     

华沙体制民航承运人责任制的嬗变及影响

华沙体制规定了国际航空承运人的责任制度,但华沙体制九个文件并存的状况势必会破坏华沙公约的统一规则,为此,国际民航组织签署了《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约》,该公约将华沙体制九个文件合并为一体,确立了国际航空承运人新的责任制度,这将对我国民航业及其法律制度产生重要影响。     

Lipophilicity of fentalogs: Comparison of experimental and computationally derived data

Although fentanyl and a small number of derivatives used for medical or veterinary procedures are well characterized, physiochemical properties have not been determined for many of the newer fentanyl analogs. Partition coefficients (Log P) were determined for 19 fentalogs using the shake-flask method and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Experimentally determined partition coefficients were compared with computationally derived data using six independent software sources (ACD/LogP, LogKOWWIN v 1.69, miLogP 2.2, OsirisP, XLOGP 3.0, ALogPS 2.1). Fentalogs with a wide variety of structural modifications were intentionally selected, yielding Log P values ranging from 1.21 to 4.90. Comparison of experimental and computationally derived Log P values were highly correlated (R² 0.854–0.967). Overall, substructure-based modeling using fragmental methods or property-based topological approaches aligned more closely with experimentally determined Log P values. LC–MS/MS was also used to estimate pK_a values for fentalogs with no previously reported data. Lipophilicity and pK_a are important considerations for analytical detection and toxicological interpretation. In silico methods allow the determination of physicochemical information prior to certified reference materials being readily available for in vitro or in vivo studies. Computationally derived data can provide insight regarding physiochemical characteristics of future fentalogs and other classes of synthetic analogs that have yet to emerge.     

基于重心模型与泰勒系数的陕西省空间差异

文章通过重心模型以及泰勒系数对陕西省1989—2006年区域增长格局与地区差距进行了实证分析。分析结果表明,国家西部大开发战略实施以后陕北地区增速明显加快,区域增长重心持续向东北转移;通过泰勒系数及其分解的演变显示,三大地区间差距持续不断扩大,并且地区间差距的扩大快于总体经济差距的扩大。地带内的差距一直是影响陕西区域差距的主要影响力量,但是各地带内部地区经济差距在1995年之后呈现不同的特征。通过分析我们也注意到在1999—2006年陕北地区迅速崛起的同时,伴随区域增长格局“热点”的转移。热点区域内的地区差距会存在一个缩小的趋势,但是局部实证的结论能否适用于更大的范围区域内还需要进一步的检验。     

Historical review of Taiwan＇s environmental legislative adjustment and its implications under international agreements

After 1960s, the economic developmental explosion in Taiwan had brought serious environmental degradations including the air and water pollution, waste disposal, as well as wildlife problems. Since then, Taiwanese has begun environmental protection movements striving for ＂environmental rights＂. In addition, international environmental agreements have grown with great speed in the past decades. Although Taiwan never signed or joined any international environmental agreements or organizations, the development of international environmental laws still deeply affect Taiwan environmental regulations. Under this global trend, Taiwan has to cooperate with international community and to obey international environmental agreements. Thus Taiwan had passed numerous environmental laws including ＂Air Pollution Control Act,＂ ＂Water Pollution Control Act,＂ ＂Noise Control Act,＂ ＂Waste Management Act,＂ ＂Toxic Chemicals Management Act,＂ ＂Wildlife Protection Act,＂ and ＂Nuisance Dispute Resolution Act.＂ Thus the article will examine Taiwan＇s environmental administration, regulations as well as the implication under international agreements.     

Fatal Venous Air Embolism Following Intravenous Infusion*

Abstract: Venous air embolism has been reported as a complication of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures or accidental trauma. Little is known about the incidence of air embolism after minimal intravenous manipulations such as the insertion of a peripheral intravenous cannula. Only when large amounts of air sufficient enough to block the cardiovascular system enter, the patient develops symptoms and signs of severe neurological injury, cardiovascular collapse, or death. The dead body of a 14‐year‐old boy was brought for postmortem examination with allegations of death from negligence during treatment. He was treated for pain in the abdomen in a hospital by attendants in telephonic consultation with a medical practitioner. Following intravenous infusions, the boy died suddenly in respiratory distress. Gross findings indicated the death to be from venous air embolism. Chemical analysis, histopathology, and microbiology ruled out other causes of death. Dilemmas of the case with difficulties in diagnosis are being presented herewith.