规划绿化隔离地区的绿化是解决市区大气污染的重要手段

绿化对治理大气污染的作用是不可替代的,尽快实施市区规划绿化隔离地区的绿化,是改善生态环境,治理市区大气污染的建设性的综合性的手段。“分散集团式”的城市布局是确保首都良好生态环境的根本条件,绿化隔离带应以种植高大乔木为主,乔、灌、草木相结合的森林绿地。目前绿化隔离地区的绿化建设滞后于城市建设,而且规划隔离地区被蚕食的状况仍在继续,呼吁在市规划园林、土地部门采取的经济办法实现绿化的基础上积极研究多种办法和对策,尽快实现该地区的绿化。     

重新认识光的半波损失及牛顿环中心暗斑

通过对菲涅耳反射系数的讨论, 重新认识光的 “半波损失”,指出一些大学物理教科书中在光的“半波损失”认识上的误区,重新解释了牛顿环中心暗斑的“半波损失”现象。     

Political Institutions and Pollution: Evidence from Coal‐Fired Power Generation

What is the relationship between political institutions and air pollution generated by the power sector? Here we focus on the association between democracy and power generated from coal, the most polluting of all fossil fuels. Using a new dataset on coal‐fired power plants commissioned between 1980 and 2016 in 71 countries, we find that the relationship between democracy and coal varies according to the environmental Kuznets curve logic. Democratic political institutions at lower levels of economic development are correlated with increased commissioning of coal power plants, as governments seek to appeal to an electorate prioritizing economic growth and affordable energy access. As a country becomes richer, democracy comes to have a negative association with coal power, as clean air becomes a more salient issue for the public.     

Do exemptions undermine environmental policy support? An experimental stress test on the odd‐even road space rationing policy in India

Policies sometimes exempt particular categories of regulatees for reasons of equity and political feasibility. Will the non‐exempt oppose the policy because they shoulder all of the policy costs? We outline an analytic framework for “stress testing” public support among the non‐exempt when they are provided negative information about exemptions and reduced policy effectiveness. Empirically, we study public support for the odd‐even road space rationing policy in India. Using a survey experiment with 2,182 car owners in Bangalore, we find considerable baseline support for this policy. While support among the non‐exempt erodes when they are told about exemptions, there is no additional erosion when they are told that exemptions reduce policy effectiveness. This suggests that the perception of fairness, not policy efficacy, drives the erosion of support among the non‐exempt. Yet the policy survives the stress test because the majority of respondents continue to support it, in spite of support erosion among the non‐exempt.     

空战规则的新进展及其问题

由美国哈佛大学研究院发起和主持的《空战和导弹战手册》起草活动,初步形成了一个《手册》草案,并征求了20多个国家和国际组织的意见。从武装冲突法的角度来看,《手册》草案无论在整体结构、适用范围、具体概念界定和实施机制上,还存在一些缺憾和问题,而在起草委员会继续修订完善《手册》草案的同时,我们应该适时关注该项工作的进展,并做好军队的相关准备工作。     

变频技术在供热行业中的应用

针对供热系统落后的补水定压方式和锅炉鼓、引风系统，阐明变频调速技术在这２方面的应用以及取得良好的效益和远大的发展前景。     

绿色奥运与北京环境法律实施对策研究

绿色奥运,是2008年北京奥运会的重要指导方针,是北京奥运三大理念之一,环境保护已是奥运计划中一个不可缺少的主要部分.本文从分析北京市有关环境保护方面的法律实施中的问题入手,结合环境保护法律制度及奥运规则的要求,结合北京目前的环境现状,探讨解决环境问题的对策.主要就环境保护中的大气污染和水资源问题进行初步探讨.     

收入差距拉大:构建和谐社会的阻梗

改革开放实行的差异性发展政策,形成了部分地区、部分企业和部分人的率先发展,而政策调整的滞后,使得经济发展水平的差异硬化为明显的社会差异,随着经济的进一步发展,富者愈富、穷者更穷,社会的分化和差距越来越大,收入分配差距目前已经达到可以容忍的上限。改革发展的成果不能惠及到社会的各个方面,弱势群体的心理失衡和行为失范以及由此可能导致的社会动荡,可能成为我们构建和谐社会的阻梗,疏通这一阻梗应当成为我们建设和谐社会的重要任务。     

Validation of Walkway Tribometers: Establishing a Reference Standard*

Abstract: Tribometers are mechanical devices used to measure walkway coefficient of friction (COF) for the purpose of assessing slip risk. The purpose of this study was to define a tribometer reference standard and use it to assess the performance of various tribometers. Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to walk across one of four wet walkway surfaces (polished black granite, porcelain, vinyl composition tile, and ceramic tile) to establish the relative slipperiness of each surface. Eleven tribometers were subsequently used to measure and rank the COF of all four surfaces. Our results revealed that only four of the 11 tribometers (Wessex pendulum, Sigler pendulum, Mark II, and Mark III) met our compliance criteria by both correctly ranking all four surfaces and differentiating between surfaces of varying degrees of slipperiness. Our protocol demonstrates that human gait‐based measures of slipperiness can be used to create reference standards against which tribometer measurements can be validated.