Dumb Barter: A Seminal Form of Negotiation

Negotiation requires communication, but not necessarily verbal exchanges. Adjustments can be achieved incrementally by other means. This article will examine how some parties have managed to strike a deal in situations characterized by total distrust and even hostility, asymmetric power relations, major cultural differences, extreme logistical difficulties in reaching the place in which the trade is to be made, and several additional process risks by employing a type of bargaining known as “dumb barter.” This process presents a distinct paradigm with a specific and unique rationale. Sometimes called “silent trade,” it has been observed in many places (especially West Africa) for more than two millennia. It may well be the oldest form of trade negotiation and is still practiced in some parts of the world. An examination of this unlikely but real and effective process can also provide negotiation theorists with some useful insights into the fundamental nature of negotiation.     

阿米巴经营与市场型企业

京瓷公司阿米巴经营取得了极大的成功,其原因在于构建了独特的组织形式与运行机制,即在阿米巴的组织基础上,通过核算机制引入了市场价格,再利用其独特的权威机制来克服企业内部价格机制的不足。这样,使得企业的外部激励内部化,低能激励高能化,从而提高了企业对市场的反应速度与企业的竞争力。我们称这种引入市场机制的企业为市场型企业,但我们也发现,随着企业的增大,企业内部的价格机制就越难以发挥作用,故阿米巴经营也有它的局限性。     

Optimizing risk mitigation in management of sexual offenders: a structural model

Sexual violence is an insidious and pervasive problem that insinuates itself into all aspects of contemporary society. It can neither be mitigated nor adequately controlled through current socio-legal practices. A more promising approach must embrace four integrated elements: (1) public policy, (2) primary prevention, (3) statutory management, and (3) secondary intervention. In the present paper we tackle the 3rd and 4th elements by proposing an integrated model for reducing and managing sexual violence among known sex offenders. Relying on the highly effective Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model as the core of our Sex Offender Risk Mitigation and Management Model (SORM³), we draw together evidence based practices from clinical interventions and risk assessment strategies. Developed by Andrews & Bonta (2006), RNR has a strong empirical track record of efficacy when applied to diverse samples of offenders, including sex offenders (Hanson, Bourgon, Helmus, & Hodgson, 2009). We offer a detailed structural model that seeks to provide a more seamless integration of risk assessment with management and discretionary decisions, including a primary focus on RNR-based post-release aftercare. We end with the mantra that sex offender treatment alone will never effectively mitigate sexual violence in society, since the problem is not confined to the handful of offenders who spend time in prison and are offered some limited exposure to treatment. Any truly effective model must go well beyond the management of those known to be violent and embrace a comprehensive and integrated approach that begins by recognizing the seeds of sexual violence sown by society. Such a public health paradigm places victims - not offenders - at the center, forcing society to come to address the full gamut of hazards that fuel sexual violence.     

Surveillance and identity management: Migrant perspectives on UK Biometric Residence Permits

The identity card for foreign nationals - now known as the Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) - was first introduced in November 2008. Following the May 2010 UK general election, the newly formed Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government announced that the scheme would not be extended to UK citizens. To date, over 300,000 BRPs have been issued to UK foreign nationals - a group of non-EEA migrants that include international students, visiting scholars and entrepreneurs. In this paper, we draw on findings from interviews conducted with policymakers, advocacy groups, Higher Education administrators and foreign nationals - between March and December 2010 - to highlight some policy issues arising from the continued roll-out of the BRPs to this migrant group. We conclude by arguing that, although interviewees raised few objections to the BRPs in principle, cardholders were concerned about being unfairly ‘targeted’ for additional surveillance and remained unclear about the true purpose of the BRP. We identify a number of areas for further policy development.     

民商事审判风险管理体系的建构——一个嵌入风险社会语境的逻辑证成

我国已经进入了风险社会,公共管理领域必须对此作出回应,民商事审判领域面对的矛盾纠纷,来自社会层面的风险与民商事审判本身的自有风险还可能叠加激化,出现激烈爆发的危险境地。民商事审判作为创新社会管理的手段,为阻却风险到危险的发展进路,应该植入先进的风险管理理念,建构前置风险评估、风险提示、风险预防、风险化解与应对的流畅风险管理体系。     

我国城市街道办事处管理体制的改革创新与实践——以广州市荔湾区为视角

城市街道管理体制的改革与实践是城市基层政府治理和社会管理创新的重要举措.面对街道管理法律定位不明确、职能超载、职权有限、自身管理失灵等问题,广州市荔湾区政府以"一队伍三中心"为载体,重建街道办事处管理架构,规范编外人员管理,推进政府购买服务和网格化管理,进一步明确了区、街道、居委会等治理主体的责权,积累了宝贵的经验.但街道办事处在职能转变、改革的法律依据、公共服务供给、管理机制及社区自我治理等方面仍存在着诸多问题,需进一步并加以解决.     

简论加强我国围海造田的科学管理

当前,中国围海造田活动呈现出速度快、面积大、范围广的发展态势。尽管围海造地的经济效益明显,但其对海洋生态环境造成的影响却是灾难性的。本文分析了围海造地对海洋环境、海洋生态、海洋资源的不利影响,以及围海造地与其它海洋产业之间产生的矛盾和对我国气候带来的不利影响,并借鉴国外围填造田管理的成功经验,提出制定适合我国国情的《围填海管理法》等对策建议,以期加强我国围填造田管理,使之更好地服务于我国新时期的现代化建设。     

城市管理专业的人才培养目标与模式

城市管理专业是随着当代中国城市发展导致的城市管理专业化趋势及其对城市管理专门人才的急需而发展起来的一个新兴专业。城市管理的综合性特点要求城市管理专业的课程设置注重综合,强调应用,并实现文、理、工科相结合,其专业基础课应横跨管理学和城市科学两大学科基础,专业课则应突出城市管理作为一个独立学科、综合性专业的特点。完善符合城市管理专业应用型复合型人才培养需要的教学体系,当前的重点是强化实践教学,建立一体化的实践教学体系,相应地需要创新师资队伍,促进教师实践能力的提升和素质的优化,以保障城市管理专业教学体系高质量地运行。     

论公安网络信息安全管理

当前,信息技术呈迅猛发展的态势,各种新型的网络犯罪也接踵而至,严重威胁着国家安全和社会稳定。为了适应社会的发展需求,加强信息的安全管理,防止各种涉密信息的泄漏和窃取,要有效打击各种形态的网络犯罪,这已成为当前公安网络建设的重要课题。文章论述了新形势下的公安信息网络安全防范系统及其存在的主要风险,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的防范和管理对策,旨在加强网络安全防范工作和进行有效的网络布控。     

论民事行为无效

在我国民法上无效民事行为的范围越来越窄,体现了我国民法理论的进步发展。民事行为自始绝对无效原因应当以民事行为违反国家利益、社会公共利益为限。违犯法律、行政法规强制性规定的民事行为并不当然无效。需要根据规范的目的来区分强行性规范的类型。民事行为只有违犯效力性禁止性规范的才会导致自始绝对无效。民事行为无效后,原则上要使当事人的财产状况恢复到民事行为开始之前的状态,因此会产生返还财产、赔偿损失的法律后果。