Should Law track Morality?

Does the moral status of an action provide in itself a non-instrumental, pro-tanto reason for a corresponding legal status—a reason that applies regardless of whether the law promotes a value that is independent of the law, such as preventing wrongdoing or promoting utility or distributive or retributive justice, regardless of the consequences of doing so? While the relation between morality and law is a familiar topic, this specific question is rarely discussed explicitly. Yet it seems to be controversial. The article highlights and considers this question, while focusing on the criminal law. It concludes that the answer is negative—there is no necessary relation between morality and law in this respect. Rather, there is a reason in favor of incorporating morality into the law only when this incorporation promotes a moral value that is independent of the law.     

论刑罚"恶名"的由来

刑罚是一种最古老、持久、稳固的社会历史机制.古今中外刑法学家们对刑罚有着不同的理解和认识,刑罚在谩骂和称颂的交响乐中背负着繁重的使命.刑罚所承受的"恶名"是显而易见的:作为报应的工具,刑罚显得虚伪;作为赔偿的手段,刑罚显得无所适从;作为功利的方式,刑罚显得残酷,且违反基本人权.因此,民主国家的刑罚制度不得不具有恶名声,刑罚难以逃脱其"恶名".     

刑罚正当化的实现

公正和功利这一对范畴,是探讨刑罚制度正当化的根据时必须考虑的。以公正为主,以功利为辅,是我国刑罚正当化之理论依据的应然选择。从刑事一体化的角度而言,我国刑罚正当化的实现有赖于立法、司法、执法等整个刑事司法领域的贯彻落实。     

英美法系民事诉讼证明标准理论基础研究

英美法系民事诉讼证明标准有盖然性权衡的证明、灵活证明标准、预先的盖然性方法、主观确信的理论等。其理论基础在于预期效用性理论。即由民主的方式决定裁决的效用性计算并在同类案件同等适用,就可以克服灵活多样的证明标准所引起的不确定性。其适用就是公正合理的。     

公营事业民营化的法律规制研究

我国在公营事业民营化过程中存在很多障碍,必须在改革中克服这些障碍。公营事业民营化要有法律制度的设计和供给,要有良好的法律环境并对其进行法律规制。     

养老保险支付危机解决途径的思考

本已承担隐性债务重压的养老保险基金,在市场经济新趋式下,面临着企业改制带来的大量失业下岗工人、企业私有化进程加快后的养老保险金拖、欠、瞒、缴的现象及退休潮到来引发的养老金大量支付等新情况,如何应付养老保险的支付危机,应在基金来源、基金资本运作、基金支出三方面采取可行措施、开源节流,以确保养老保险基金的收支平衡。     

朝核问题视角下的东北亚安全

冷战后,自从朝核问题出现以来,东北亚的安全局势发生了巨大的变化,朝核问题已然成为东北亚安全的焦点与核心。基于东北亚的区域特点和安全形势,朝核问题的地区解决方式应该是比较稳妥、长远、符合现实的,同时需要地区内主要大国的推动以及双边与多边机制的结合,重要的是在区域的核心点上将朝鲜纳入国际社会的发展轨道。然后,在这些原则基础上去探索东北亚安全机制建构的路径。     

我国城市积雪清扫服务供给模式的经济分析简

从经济学的视角来看,城市积雪清扫是一种公共物品,而造成这类物品供给不足的主要原因是政府垄断的单一供给模式.本文运用法经济学原理,通过分析公共物品的供需规律来探寻城市清雪服务的最优供给模式.     

从物质到社会:经济学研究对象的三阶段演变及其内在逻辑

The main purpose of economic research is to improve national and social welfare. It contains not only material welfare, but also social benefits. Also, the welfare connotation changed at different times in history. Those changes lead to the evolution of economics. In fact, although modern mainstream economics still concentrate the subject of study on placement of scarce resources, the focus of research in economics will not be the issue of wealth distribution. The subject of economic study has experienced three significant changes. The first one, holding by Classical Economics is the focus on material welfare creation. The second one, highly emphasized by Neoclassical Economics, is the notion that includes distribution of resources and money exchange. The last one, promoted by modern mainstream economics after the 1970s, broadens the research content greatly due to referring to extensive social utility.     

Eugene: A conceptual manual

The study of international relations using quantitative analysis relies, in part, on the availability of comprehensive and easily manipulable data sets. To execute large‐n statistical tests of hypotheses, data must be available on the variables of interest, and those data must be manipulated into a suitable format to allow the inclusion of appropriate control variables as well as variables of central theoretical interest This paper introduces software designed to eliminate many of the difficulties commonly involved in constructing large international relations data sets, and with the unavailability of data on expected utility theories of war.

In order to solve these two problems, we developed EUGene (the Expected Utility Generation and Data Management Program). EUGene is a stand‐alone Microsoft Windows based program for the construction of annual data sets for use in quantitative studies of international relations. It generates data for variables necessary to incorporate key variables from implementations of the so‐called “expected utility theory of war” into broader analyses of international conflict EUGene is also designed to make building international relations data sets simple. It accomplishes this by automating a variety of tasks necessary to integrate several data building blocks commonly used in tests of international relations theories.