Market Darwinism vs. Market Creationism: Adaptability and Fairness in the Design of Greenhouse Gas Trading Mechanisms

International rule-making and compliance routines with respect to the Kyoto Protocol are evolving rapidly. This paper examines potential designs of emissions-trading programs by comparing the emissions credit trading (ECT) and cap-and-trade models for achieving cost-effective reductions in atmospheric greenhouse-gas (GHG) loading in terms of their adaptability and fairness. Adaptability is a valuable attribute when markets and their governing institutions are evolving rapidly or when regulated entities do not yet have well-established and predictable compliance routines. Fairness in both procedures and outcomes is central to efforts to establish and maintain institutions of international governance. The key difference concerns the awarding of tradable emission rights, which occurs at the launch of a cap-and-trade program but following when firms reduce emissions below baselines in an ECT scheme. Implications of this difference are explored in terms of institutional adaptability and fairness during program-design stages. By not locking in emission rights at the outset, and by being amenable to incremental roll-out, ECT appears to have superior adaptive and fairness qualities during periods of rapid institutional evolution.     

充分发挥乡镇（街道）工会重要作用——关于石狮市乡镇（街道）工会建设的调查

乡镇工会在工会组织体系中是“承上启下”的一个环节,作用十分重要.石狮市作为福建省最早步入改革开放的县级市,是泉州地区经济社会发展的重要窗口.石狮市总工会紧跟改革开放步伐,把乡镇总工会建设作为服务城乡经济社会发展的关键环节来抓,在加强乡镇工会的地位和作用、完善乡镇工会的组织体制和运行机制、改善工会工作的环境和条件等三个方面,进行了积极的实践和探索,为全省乃至全国乡镇工会工作提供了许多可资借鉴的经验.     

信息时代商业秘密犯罪治理研究

根据我国刑法对商业秘密的定义,商业秘密具有秘密性、经济性、实用性、管理性等特点.应删去其中有关实用性的表述,实现与TRIPS协议对商业秘密定义的对接.商业秘密的重要性及侵犯商业秘密犯罪形势的严峻性决定了对其刑事保护的必然性.信息时代商业秘密犯罪治理存在诸多现实困境,理应从这些困境出发,完善相关法律规定与制度,建构信息时...     

建立健全科学的权力结构和运行机制

腐败的本质是权钱交易,加强对公共权力的制约监督,防止权力越界和失控,是反腐败的核心问题。遏制腐败的治本之策是科学配置权力。通过适当分解决策权、执行权、监督权,使决策职能、执行职能、监督职能由不同部门相对独立行使,形成既相互制约、相互把关,又分工负责、相互协调的权力结构,才能使决策更加科学,执行更加高效,监督更加有力,从而保证权力依法运行,最大限度地防止权力滥用现象的发生。建立健全科学的权力结构,离不开运行机制的保证。完善权力的运行机制,一是要"切实把防治腐败的要求落实到权力结构和运行机制的各个环节,最大程度地减少权力‘寻租’的机会";二是要用覆盖全过程的责任制度来保证;三是要"以加强对领导干部特别是主要领导干部监督为重点,推进权力运行程序化和公开透明"。     

The Limitations to Workers Accessing Eu Rights: Awareness, Advice and Enforcement

This article investigates the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union (EU). This examination considers how the EU has provided greater protective employment rights for workers, through provisions in the Treaty and various Directives, than had been achieved through the UK’s own legislative programme. However, these rights are often inaccessible due to governmental intransigence and a lack of awareness by workers of many employment rights. An empirical study was conducted from the perspective of workers and their not-for-profit advisers to consider the consequences of these barriers and to offer potential solutions to the problems.Dr. James Marson is Senior Lecturer in Law, Faculty of Development and Society, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard St., Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.     

司法区与行政区适度分离的司法体制改革问题研究

十八届三中全会后,新一轮司法体制改革正在积极酝酿。《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出了司法区与行政区适度分离的司法体制改革设想,司法区与行政区适度分离的体制与机制问题的设计与探讨成为迫在眉睫需要予以关注的时代课题。本文在对司法区与行政区之间关系进行实证考察的基础上,深入阐述了司法区与行政区适度分离的意义和价值,尝试性地对司法区与行政区适度分离的体制和支撑机制进行建构,并提出了在推进司法区与行政区适度分离的司法体制改革中应当坚持的基本原则。     

志愿服务与青年发展:因果机制与推进措施

青年发展是社会发展的重要面向,志愿服务是公民社会健康状况的晴雨表。青年志愿服务从培养公民意识、促进公共参与、提升人际关系能力与职业适应性、促进就业以及预防反社会行为等方面有力地促进了青年发展。因此,政府应通过完善志愿服务立法,扶持和培育志愿组织,引入服务学习课程以及鼓励家庭志愿服务等措施推展青年志愿服务,促进青年发展。