地方政府领导干部推动项目建设的障碍及其化解——基于对淄博市党政干部的问卷调研及个案访谈

项目建设是实现地方社会经济科学发展的重要载体,推动地方项目建设的关键是"干部",但是目前地方领导干部在推动项目建设过程中遇到了资源制约、管理机制不完善、干部自身能力欠缺等障碍。为了推动地方领导干部项目建设工作,必须多方创造条件,优化各项资源要素供给;健全完善管理机制;强化干部教育培训。     

论公众共用物的法律保护

公众共用物系指不特定多数人的可以非排他性使用的共用物,例如大气、水流、海洋、森林和荒地等环境和自然资源。公众共用物既不属于我国法律规定的私有物,也不属于我国法律上规定的国家所有即全民所有财产。公众共用物是公众自由活动、相互交往以及与自然交往的地域、空间和舞台,是满足人们物质需求和精神需求的食粮,是激发和促进人的思想、理想、情操、美感和艺术的渊源,是人之所以为人、人之所以为生态人社会人、人之所以得以全面发展的物质基础和基本条件,是人类、社会、经济和生态得以可持续发展的物质源泉和基本资源。目前我国公众共用物因受到来自各方面和各种形式的污染、破坏、损害、侵犯而面临着退化、萎缩的危机,急需加强法律保护。公众共用物使用权是指不特定多数人非排他性使用公众共用物的资格、自由和力量。作为公众中一员的每一个人都有公众共用物使用权。对公众共用物的保护和法律调整,不能仅仅依靠单一的政府那只"看得见的手"或"市场那只看不见的手"或"另一只看不见的手",而应该根据具体情况综合利用政府那只"看得见的手"、"市场那只看不见的手"和"另一只看不见的手"这三只手;不能仅仅依靠单一的政府调整、市场调整和社会调整,而应该从实际出发综合采用政府调整、市场调整和社会调整这三种调整机制;不能仅仅依靠单一的中央集权、自由竞争、公有制和私有化手段,而应该根据现实需要适度地进行集权、分权、自治和实行公有、私有、共用措施。我国的法律应该充分发挥公众、政府和市场各自的优势和特点,逐步建立有关公众共用物的综合调整机制、善治机制,避免"公地悲剧"、"反公地悲剧"和埃利诺.奥斯特罗姆所谓的"双重陷阱",通过建立健全公众共用物的法律调整机制,保障公众共用物的健康和可持续存在,保持和维护私用财产、公务财产和共用物的合理比例、综合平衡和协调发展。提出建立健全如下公众共用物的法律规范和法律制度:非排他性使用公众共用物的法律措施和法律制度;保护、改善和治理现有公众共用物的法律措施和法律制度;防止不当减少现有公众共用物数量和规模,保障基本公众共用物供给的法律措施和法律制度;增加公众共用物的法律措施和法律制度;有关公众共用物的法律责任制度和救济制度;有关公众共用物的管理体制以及规划、统计、信息公开等管理制度。这些法律规范和法律制度将确保公众共用物与私人财产、政府财产的比例适当和协调发展,满足公众对公众共用物的需要。     

公安院校人力资源管理机制创新研究

要实现公安高校教师人力资源的最大化，必须依靠激励机制来提高教师的工作积极性与工作效率，而激励机制的起点应该是抓住教师的需求，基础是认清当前存在的问题，关键要采取有效的激励措施，才能实现人才强校乃至人才强国的重要目标。     

论公安队伍的警务规范化建设

面对市场经济的新形势,公安机关应当以依法治国,依法行政和维护社会稳定、群众满意为工作目标,以人为本,进一步明确警察的法律地位和政治角色,规范健全各项警务制度,内外同步协调发展,促进警务规范化建设,实现公安队伍的长效机制建设。     

中美量刑机制比较研究

中美在量刑的指导思想、量刑的模式、量刑的依据、量刑的主体、量型的程序和方法等方面均有很大不同,美国的量刑机制对我国量刑制度的改革和完善有借鉴意义。     

From dynamic risk factors to causal processes: a methodological framework

ABSTRACT

It is becoming increasingly apparent that dynamic risk factors are unable to function as explanations of offending because they are composite constructs, which contain a mixture of putative causes, states of affairs, and problematic cognitive, affective, behavioural and social states associated with crime. In this paper we draw from psychopathology research and theory on the conception and classification of mental disorders to develop the Dynamic Risk Research Framework (DRRF). In our opinion, the assumptions and methodological tool associated with this framework can better focus research into the causes of offending by making use of the information provided by dynamic risk factors. A conceptual framework such as the DRRF can arguably translate this valuable information into deep, coherent explanations, and ultimately, more streamlined and precise intervention strategies.     

我国公民参与法律保障制度的完善

公民参与是公民对所拥有公民权利的运用,可以是一种权力的再分配,它保证了民众即使目前在政治、经济等活动中无法掌握权力,他们的意见在未来也有可能有计划地被列入到考虑范围之内.随着社会主义事业的不断发展以及党执政水平的不断提高,引导和规范公民参与,将对进一步提高党的执政能力,加强政府和人民之间的联系,以及在公共行政中落实科学发展观具有极大的现实意义.     

Participatory democracy and ethnic minorities: opening inclusive new spaces or reproducing inequalities?

In the past decade, Latin America has emerged as the epicentre of participatory democracy innovations. Proponents argue that participation should lead to more equitable access to public goods and a greater sense of political efficacy. There has been considerable debate in the academic literature and in the public sphere over the extent to which participation can produce these benefits. Yet, while Latin America has witnessed an explosion of participatory mechanisms and related academic attention, the literature has focused on socioeconomic dimensions. There has been little attention paid to the experiences of racialized groups, such as indigenous peoples and Latin Americans of African descent. Research suggests that in order for participatory mechanisms to produce positive outcomes, they must be inclusive and offer participants a forum for real deliberation, but how do groups that have faced barriers related to racism and discrimination engage in these initiatives? Drawing on evidence from indigenous Ecuadorian and Afro-Venezuelan citizen participants, this article argues that participatory mechanisms may reproduce the very types of inequalities that representative institutions are criticized for. Comparing cases across and within different jurisdictions reveals that certain conditions enhance the ability of ethnic minorities to benefit from involvement in participatory mechanisms.     

Process Tracing in Public Administration: The Implications of Practitioner Insights for Methods of Inquiry

The field of public administration is often seen as a late adopter of cutting-edge research methods. Related disciplines like political science use more advanced research methods for single or small-n case studies including techniques like process tracing. Many elements of process tracing are analogous to investigations. To inform process tracing practices, political scientists looked at Sherlock Holmes novels. We draw on the experiences of a police inspector and a former soldier who worked with intelligence to offer insights on the implementation of process tracing, bridge the academic–practitioner gap, and increase the methodological rigor in public administration research.     

The Effect of Formal and Informal Contracting Mechanisms on Implementation Performance in the U.S. Federalist System

The relationship between contract management capacity and implementation success in local government contracting is well established. However, less is known about how specific contract mechanisms are linked to this success. This study uses implementation of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program to examine the use of formal and informal contract management techniques in the implementation of energy projects. The use of formal contract mechanisms, such as full and open competitive bidding, contact rescission and outcome-based performance measures, exhibits a statistically significant effect on implementation performance. The findings advance contracting theory and have practical implications for local government contracting and implementation success in fiscal federalism.