论网络对社会民主的主要影响

网络技术的发展为人们突破以往限制民主充分实现的技术障碍提供了坚实的基础。网络对社会民主的影响主要表现为网络促进政治民主、经济民主、学术民主、管理民主和文化民主。网络所促进的民主是以网络为媒介的民主,是民主中渗入网络的成分。但网络民主还不能体现实质民主的终极价值。     

高等教育国际化对中国高等教育的影响

随着中国加入WTO ,经济全球化进程加快和知识经济时代的到来 ,必将对我国的教育产生广泛而深刻的影响 ,这种影响的实质就是促进我国面向世界 ,更加主动地进行国际交流与合作 ,积极地参与国际竞争。逐步形成“请进来”、“走出去”的“两条腿”走路的高等教育发展态势 ,以提高我国高等教育的国际化竞争力。     

压力下的警察

“压力理论”可以对警察职业性质及其亚文化现象进行解释。警察职业环境中存在着比常人更多的负向刺激物。职业压力所产生的负向效应,也必然引起负向情绪。负向情绪所产生的紧张和焦虑,需要寻找适当的渠道予以渲泄。如果外部环境不能提供有效的适当的渲泄渠道,这种负向情绪就有可能以一种偏离职业规范、偏离主文化的形式表现出来。     

论市场经济对民主政治作用的两重性

市场经济对民主政治的作用具有两重性。市场经济一方面通过促进民主政治基本原则的形成 ,为民主政治提供必要的社会基础条件和民主政治运行的共同性规则 ,对民主政治起着积极促进作用。另一方面 ,市场经济必然导致经济不平等的社会后果 ,破坏民主政治的社会基础 ,不利于民主政治向更高的阶段发展 ,对民主政治起着消极破坏作用。中国二十多年的市场经济改革 ,产生了对民主政治具有两重性影响的社会后果。在这种情况下 ,建设民主政治 ,就是应努力发扬市场经济对民主政治的积极促进作用 ,尽力克服市场经济对民主政治的消极破坏作用 ,实现社会政治经济的协调发展     

What Friends are for: The Relationships Between Body Image, Substance Use, and Peer Influence Among Finnish Adolescents

The study investigated the relationships between substance use, body image, and peer influence among Finnish adolescents. The participants (N=488, 240 boys and 248 girls), were eighth-grade high school students. The data were gathered using a questionnaire. In addition to background information, the study covered risk behaviors frequency, body satisfaction, and peer relationships. The results indicated that the levels of body satisfaction among the adolescent girls studied were lower than those among the adolescent boys. It was found that the girls engaged in more discussion with peers than the boys concerning both intimate and general matters. Moreover, having an intimate relationship with one's peers was associated with a greater tendency to drink purely in order to get drunk. However, a slightly more distant relationship with friends was associated with a greater risk for smoking. In general, dissatisfaction with one's physical appearance seemed to relate to substance use. By highlighting the relationships between adolescents’ body image, substance use, and peer influence the study gives pointers for further research, and may be suggestive in terms of the kinds of social policies that ought to be pursued in the future.MA (Educational Sciences) from the University of Turku. Research interests include substance use and the life processes of adolescents.Docent (Educational Sciences), PhD from the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.     

Individual and Sociocultural Influences on Pre-Adolescent Girls’ Appearance Schemas and Body Dissatisfaction

Appearance schemas, a suggested cognitive component of body image, have been associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescent and adult samples. This study examined girls’ weight status (BMI), depression, and parent, sibling, peer, and media influences as predictors of appearance schemas in 173 pre-adolescent girls. Hierarchical regression results indicated that appearance schemas scores were associated with girls’ level of depression, perceptions of parental influence on weight concerns, appearance related interactions with other girls, and awareness of media messages; perceptions of sibling influence on weight concerns and BMI were not independent predictors. In addition, appearance schemas were associated with girls’ level of body dissatisfaction. One implication of these findings is for prevention programs to focus on reducing the importance and value that girls place on appearance by targeting social influences, particularly parental influence, in order to reduce risk for adolescent body dissatisfaction and related risk behaviors.Doctoral candidate in Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University. Her research interests are the development of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction from middle childhood through adolescence.Distinguished professor of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University. Her research interests are child and adolescent eating behavior.     

网络对青少年成长的影响及对策分析

青少年已经成为网络使用的主体,网络使用对青少年的影响是双向的.其积极影响包括能促进青少年的人际交往能力,促进个性成长,激发学习动机,提高学习兴趣和拓宽视野.网络对青少年的消极影响主要包括两个方面:网络成瘾对青少年的影响、网络不良信息对青少年的影响.应积极分析网络对青少年的积极影响和消极影响,并在此基础上提出对策.     

互联网时代的梦魇--网络对青少年犯罪倾向的影响

互联网像滚滚而来的钱江潮一样,在短短十几年之内全方位地冲击着我们的生活。人们通过网络快捷地获取知识,体味迥然不同的生活方式。网络带给人们绚丽多姿生活的同时,网络犯罪犹如洪水猛兽,给我们的青少年带来难以置信的不良影响。如何防范与对付,将是我们青少年工作研究的重大课题。互联网;青少年;犯罪影响     

负所得税：我国最低生活保障制度改革的方向

尽管经济学家对负所得税有种种反对意见,其在我国的具体实施也面临一些难题,但是在处理公平与效率、调动低收入者的积极性方面负所得税仍不失为一种较好的解决之道。我国政府应尽快实施负所得税政策来充实我国的最低生活保障制度。     

尼采的虚无主义思想

大多数学者认为尼采是一位反形而上学的哲学家 ,而反形而上学用尼采本人的话来说就是虚无主义。在尼采看来 ,虚无主义是一个历史过程。从柏拉图———基督教哲学到叔本华哲学的虚无主义过程 ,也是最高价值自行贬值的过程 ,而尼采正是这一过程中最后登场的哲学家。但是他的虚无主义不是目的 ,不是归宿 ,而是一种手段 ,其真正目的在于塑造一种新的理性批判精神。