Evaluating Measures of Campaign Tone

Research on framing effects has demonstrated how elites can influence public opinion by the way they present and interpret political issues. However, these findings overwhelmingly stem from experimental settings that differ from how issues are typically discussed in real-world political situations. This study takes framing research to more realistic contexts by exploiting a natural experiment to examine the neglected role of political parties in framing effects. Examining the effects on public opinion of a sudden shift in how a major political party frames a salient issue, I demonstrate that parties can be powerful in shaping the policy preferences among their supporters. Yet, even strong partisans do not follow the party line uncritically. Rather, they judge the party frame according to their own beliefs about the problems surrounding the issue. Thus, party elites face the challenge of developing frames that resonate with their voters' preexisting beliefs if they want to shape policy preferences, even among their otherwise most loyal supporters. These dynamics have important implications for understanding interactions between political elites and the public.     

Liar,Liar, Pants on Fire: How Fact-Checking Influences Citizens’ Reactions to Negative Advertising

Electoral campaigns are dynamic and an important change in recent elections is the growth of fact-checking; the assessment of the truthfulness of political advertisements by news media organizations and watchdog groups. In this article, we examine the role that fact-checks play in shaping citizens’ views of negative commercials and political candidates. We rely on an Internet survey experiment where we vary people’s exposure to negative advertisements and a follow-up fact-check article (i.e., no fact-check, accurate fact-check, inaccurate fact-check). The results of our experiment show that fact-checks influence people’s assessments of the accuracy, usefulness, and tone of negative political ads. Furthermore, sophisticated citizens and citizens with low tolerance for negative campaigning are most responsive to fact-checks. The fact-checks also sway citizens’ likelihood of accepting the claims made in the advertisements. Finally, negative fact-checks (e.g., fact-checks challenging the truthfulness of the claims of the negative commercial) are more powerful than positive fact-checks.     

税收公平伦理视角下的个人所得税制建构

税收公平原则富含社会伦理的思想。对个人所得税的征管,不仅要强调其经济功能,更要关注其社会公正和伦理维护的社会功能。我国的个人所得税制存在纳税人身份确定、纳税能力确定、征税范围确定三个方面的公平伦理扭曲。因此,新的个人所得税构想中应当强调全民纳税、量能负担原则,实行低累进税率和负所得税税率,同时要改进征管模式。     

证人消极作证的动机分析及消解对策

在我国刑事诉讼中,证人不愿作证、作伪证和推翻前证等消极作证行为较为普遍,成为困扰司法工作的一大难题。通过对问卷调查进行分析、研究,可以发现一系列影响证人消极作证的因素。应完善立法,加强法制教育,采取可行的措施,有针对性地消解证人消极作证的动机。     

家庭暴力的防范与价值观培育

家庭暴力是影响社会发展的毒瘤,严重危害着人们的身心健康,是构建和谐社会必须解决的重要问题。家庭暴力产生的根本原因是由于正确价值观的缺位所造成的。为从根本上预防和消除家庭暴力的发生,就必须引导人们树立正确的价值观,正确认识各种家庭关系;树立正确的家庭文明观,家庭伦理观,并在全社会培养一种关怀意识。     

数的理念:思维中的一把钥匙

数量关系普遍存在于人们生活的各个方面,而一般人们在思考和解决社会生活中的问题时,往往偏重于定性的思考而容易忽略定量的思考。但实践中,若能够运用数量关系来思考和认识问题,既可提高认识,开阔解决问题的思路,也可提高思维能力。因此,借用一些数学的概念和方法,使思维更加灵活和实用,对于处理工作和生活中的一些问题以及做好工作大有益处。     

试析传统性别分工对高校女教师的负面影响及消除途径

在当代社会生活中,传统性别分工以巨大的文化,惯性力量抗拒着男女平等的法律权利,给高校女教师带来了诸多负面影响,我们必须通过改善社会文化环境、提倡男性进入家务领域和高扬高校女教师主体意识等途径消除其负面影响.     

跨国公司直接投资对我国技术创新的负面影响及对策分析

本文主要对跨国公司直接投资对我国技术创新的负面影响进行探讨,分析了造成这些负面影响的原因,提出了相应的对策。     

Positive versus Negative Framing Affects Justice Judgments

This research demonstrates the effect of framing on justice judgments. Presenting identical allocation situations in different modes of accomplishing the resource allocation, resulting in either positive (benefits) or negative (harms) outcomes, affects justice judgments. Two independent studies revealed that participants judged non-egalitarian principles (i.e., merit, ability, effort, need, and tenure) as more just when allocation of a resource was presented in the positive framing manner (e.g., to deliver goods or to withhold bads) relative to presenting the exact same resource allocated in a negative framing manner (e.g., to deliver bads or to withhold goods). It is suggested that the way resource allocation is framed evokes favorable (or unfavorable) associations that cause people to judge the situation as more (or less) just.     

论公司有限责任制度

公司有限责任制度的核心是公司责任与公司成员责任的分离,股东作为投资者无须对公司的债务承担除了其投资之外的进一步的责任。该制度的建立与发展对调动潜在投资者投资的积极性、发展规模经济、促进公司法律制度完善等方面功不可没。有限责任制度有其客观存在的价值,但并非十全十美,这主要表现在该制度被不当利用而对债权人和其它利益相关者造成的损害,实践中各国多采用有限责任制度例外适用来补救该制度之不足。由于历史原因,我国公司有限责任制度的设立和实施存在诸多问题,必须采取必要的措施完善我国的有限责任制度。