对提高政府行政行为的正价值途径的思考

政府行为是依法行使的一种国家行政权力行为,涉及到广大人民群众的根本利益,需要严格地按照规范的工作程序进行,特别是政府的重大行为、原则行为必须按照一定的程序进行,尤其是要按照法律规定的权限行事,在国家法律许可和保障的条件下运行,这样才能确保政府行为实现调控社会的管理职能。     

The counterfactual fallacy: Confusing what might have been with what ought to have been

The thesis of this article is that reactions to misfortunes are often biased by the counterfactual fallacy: the tendency to view events that can easily be imagined otherwise as events that ought not to have been. Drawing upon a diverse set of empirical findings we demonstrate that victims' and observers' reactions to misfortunes depend on the extent to which the event prompts them to generate counterfactual thoughts or images of more positive alternatives. We discuss the factors that determine the ease with which a negative event can be imagined otherwise, along with their relevance to a variety of justice-relevant responses, including perceptions of deservingness, recommendations for compensation, and blame assignment.     

侦查思维定势分析

思维定势广泛地存在于侦查思维活动之中,并影响和制约着侦查思维活动,在侦查中的作用很大。侦查思维定势有正面价值和负面性,因此要进行一些扬弃。     

Sudden death in an adolescent due to undiagnosed classic Hodgkin lymphoma

Few cases of natural sudden death presenting as an undiagnosed lymphoma have been reported in the literature, especially in adolescents. Herein we provide a report of sudden death caused by undiagnosed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We describe an 18-year-old female who collapsed after several weeks of weight loss, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. At autopsy, a bulky mass arising in the mediastinum and neck compressed the esophagus and trachea, surrounded the great vessels, obliterated the pericardial sac, and infiltrated the myocardium. The lungs were collapsed and large pleural effusions were present. The tumor burden, which weighed at least 2710 g in aggregate, was entirely above the diaphragm. Microscopic examination of the masses showed features typical for nodular sclerosis cHL including large bands of sclerosis, numerous Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, and an eosinophil-rich mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Immunohistochemical stains showed the HRS cells to be uniformly positive for CD30 and CD15 and negative for CD3, CD20, CD45, and PAX5. This case exemplifies a rare sudden natural death due to previously undiagnosed cHL in a young patient.     

论对特殊被害人的刑法保护—以我国刑法第254条、255条之规定为视角

所谓特殊被害人,即我国刑法第254条、255条规定的遭受打击报复、陷害等犯罪行为的控告人、申诉人、批评人、举报人、会计人员、统计人员等六种被害人员。当前,这六种人员在履行职责、维护正义、维护国家、集体、自身利益时,其中的部分人时常遭到打击报复、陷害,人身权利和民主权利得不到保障。造成这一现象的原因固然众多,然而刑法第254条、255条规定之缺陷为重要缘由,因为对特殊被害人的刑法保护在法律上主要体现为刑法第254条、255条之规定。因此,为加强对特殊被害人的刑法保护,尽快完善这两条已成当务之急。     

从众行为的心理探析

从众行为是人类社会普遍存在的一种现象,从众行为本身没有好坏之分。从社会学角度来说,一个社会需要有共同的语言、共同的价值观和较为一致的行为方式,这样才有利于社会功能的执行及社会文化的延续。但是不分析实际情况一味地盲从有时会给社会或个人造成不可挽回的损失。从众的原因是多方面的,从众行为具有正负效应。人们应当减少盲目从众,遇事要理性思考。     

令人不适的法医影像对司法心证的影响探微

司法人员在审查案卷时,可能由于一些令人不适的法医影像而影响其客观、公正地履行职责。在现实中法医影像制作的不规范状况扩大了这种负面影响。而对这种负面影响的制约有赖于相应法律规范和证据规则的制定、制作人观念和态度的转变、制作方式的规范,以及司法人员相应素质的提高。     

The Impact of Negative Publicity on Police Self-legitimacy

High-profile events involving police use of force in various cities throughout the US and internationally have garnered enormous media coverage and demonstrated the importance of police-community relations. To date little empirical attention has focused on how such events may negatively impact police officers. Using survey data from 567 officers, this study considers whether perceptions of negative publicity are adversely related to officers’ sense of self-legitimacy (i.e. the confidence they have in their authority). Findings revealed officers who felt less motivated as a result of negative publicity expressed less self-legitimacy. However, the degree to which officers felt their job had become more dangerous as a result of negative publicity was not significantly related to self-legitimacy. These findings increase our understanding of the sources of self-legitimacy and reveal that negative publicity surrounding law enforcement presents a unique challenge to officers’ confidence in their authority, which can have important implications for the community.     

行政不作为及其救济

行政不作为是程序上不为的行政行为,不包括单纯的实质不为。行政不作为可以分为合法行政不作为和违法行政不作为。合法行政不作为包括有法定免责事由的行政不作为和有法定不作为权利的行政不作为。违法行政不作为的构成要件包括主体要件、法定作为义务要件、不作为状态要件和主观要件,其法定的救济方法主要有确认违法或无效和责令履行法定义务。     

日本社会对华心态析论

中日关系被认为是中国与20多个邻国中最重要的双边关系之一.尽管中日关系大体上是好的,但是两国之间仍然存在着许多不容忽视的矛盾.为此,本文从中日双方角度对两者之间矛盾的表现及其原因进行分析,进而分析日本失衡的民族心态与当前日本消极民族主义的郁结.在此基础上,作者认为在当前的国际形势下,在如何处理中日矛盾问题上,除了事关两国政治基础的历史问题和台湾问题之外,对于双方之间不断涌现的具体摩擦,我们应该继续坚持"韬光养晦"的原则,一切服从于国家"全面实现小康社会"发展战略的大局.