负所得税：我国最低生活保障制度改革的方向

尽管经济学家对负所得税有种种反对意见,其在我国的具体实施也面临一些难题,但是在处理公平与效率、调动低收入者的积极性方面负所得税仍不失为一种较好的解决之道。我国政府应尽快实施负所得税政策来充实我国的最低生活保障制度。     

尼采的虚无主义思想

大多数学者认为尼采是一位反形而上学的哲学家 ,而反形而上学用尼采本人的话来说就是虚无主义。在尼采看来 ,虚无主义是一个历史过程。从柏拉图———基督教哲学到叔本华哲学的虚无主义过程 ,也是最高价值自行贬值的过程 ,而尼采正是这一过程中最后登场的哲学家。但是他的虚无主义不是目的 ,不是归宿 ,而是一种手段 ,其真正目的在于塑造一种新的理性批判精神。     

台湾地区领导人竞选广告研究

本文研究了2000-2008年三次台湾地区领导人竞选中,国民党和民进党的竞选广告.目的是分析国民党和民进党两党在三次竞选中的竞选策略变化,印证现代竞选广告的一般规律,考察台湾竞选生态.结果表明,台湾竞选广告基本遵循了现代竞选广告的一般规律,但是台湾报纸竞选广告数量呈现下降趋势,与现代竞选活动中对广告的重视程度相矛盾;对负面广告的运用虽然更加慎重,但其仍是主要的广告类型.最后结合台湾地区的政治环境和政党特征对结论进行了讨论.     

Domino Effect of Negative Hybrid Peace in Kosovo's Peacebuilding

The concept of hybrid peace is at the forefront of recent scholarship on the local turn in peacebuilding. It highlights the interplay between the international and local, and advocates for better involvement of local actors and agencies. This paper adds to the growing scholarship on hybrid peace by substantiating the concept of negative hybrid peace and characterizing its dynamics on the ground. Using the case of Kosovo's post-conflict peacebuilding process this paper reveals that the co-option of a select group of local actors unintentionally contributed to a rejection of minority rights, resistance to liberal justice, and contextualization of healthcare provision. It shows that negative hybrid peace has a domino effect in that when a negative form of hybrid peace takes root in a peacebuilding component, other peacebuilding components become susceptible to other forms of negative hybrid peace. The analysis in this paper proves the utility of the concept of negative hybrid peace in understanding the consequences of unresolved tensions from international/liberal–local encounters during internationally administered peacebuilding missions.     

Injustice and Employees' Destructive Responses: The Mediating Role of State Negative Affect

The focus of this study was employees' destructive behavioral intentions (i.e., exit, neglect, and aggressive voice) as a result of perceived injustice. In order to get an indication of the generalizability of the results, two studies employing different methodologies were conducted among different samples: a survey study (Study 1) among 244 female maternity nurses from The Netherlands, and a vignette study (Study 2) among 71 male and 43 female employees from an international company in South Africa. Furthermore, the second study tested whether the effects of injustice on destructive behavioral intentions were mediated by state negative affect. Two models appear to fit the data well. The first model suggests that interactional injustice gives rise to negative behavioral reactions through an increase in state negative affect. The second model shows that procedural justice can buffer the negative effects of low distributive justice. Specifically, employees report more negative affect and, subsequently, a stronger tendency to leave the organization only when both distributive and procedural justice are low. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

A Mixture Model for the Number of Gunshot Residues Found on Suspects' Hands

Quantifying the strength of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence requires scientific knowledge about the number of particles expected to be found on individuals who were or were not involved in a shooting. However, controlled experiments demand expensive resources in terms of microscope time and labor, which restricts the data of most studies to only a small group of individuals. We suggest a novel method that exploits data collected routinely on suspects during the daily work of forensic laboratories. These observational data relate to both persons who were involved in a shooting and innocent individuals. We suggest a mixture approach with different models for the number of gunshot residue particles in each group and develop an iterative algorithm to estimate the probabilities of observing the evidence under the defense proposition that the suspect is innocent and under the prosecution assumption that he is not. The method is applied to data of more than 500 suspects collected by the Israel National Police Division of Identification and Forensic Science. The analysis shows that the probability of finding three or more GSR particles on the hands of innocent suspects is very small, less than 1.5 in 1000 cases. Our new method enables researchers to use data on real cases, possibly supplemented by experimental data, in order to estimate the probabilities of a given GSR finding under the defense and prosecution propositions.     

When Do Low Roll Rates Indicate Party Influence? Evidence from Counterfactual Roll Rates

A simulation-based counterfactual is one way to solve the observational equivalence challenge that seemingly “partisan” majority-party roll rates can be observed in the absence of any actual party influence. We simulate no-partisan-agenda-control counterfactual roll rates and apply them across sessions of the US House of Representatives and 86 state legislative chambers to evaluate the extent to which observed roll rates provide evidence for party influence on the legislative agenda. After assessing and controlling for the baseline risk of majority-party rolls, there is significant evidence of party influence on roll rates in some state legislatures, particularly those with rules that grant parties more agenda power, and in the post-Reed’s-rules House of Representatives. Institutional rules interact with the (simulated) risk of a majority roll to shape observed roll rates across chambers and across time.     

警惕网络对青少年的负面影响

随着网络的不断发展,人们与网络的联系越来越密切,网络对人们思想意识等方面的影响也越来越大。青少年是上网的主力,他们好奇心重,探究欲强,而人生观、价值观等都没有完全定型,所以网络既能促进青少年的素质的发展,却也不可避免地会带来消极的负面影响。     

转型期中国弱势群体问题的理论剖析

弱势群体是由于社会结构急剧转型和社会失调或由于一部分社会成员自身的某些原因,而造成的对社会现实的不适应,并且出现了生活障碍和生活困难的人群共同体。弱势群体的产生已经成为当前社会的一个热点问题。解决弱势群体问题刻不容缓。     

刍论网络政治参与对执政安全的负面影响

网络政治参与在促进民众政治参与的同时,也可能危害政治体系的运行,危及执政安全,给现代国家和政府带来毁灭性的打击。因此,规范网络政治参与行为具有重要的现实意义。