侵权行为法的经济学分析

在归责原则和损害赔偿两个问题上 ,现代侵权行为法及其相关的理论都存在着明显的缺陷。这些缺陷的产生 ,是侵权行为法过分推崇公平价值观的必然结果。对此 ,法律经济学另辟蹊径 ,从效益极大化角度入手 ,提出了不少颇有见地的对策。尽管法律经济学的研究结论未必是“公平”的 ,因而容易引起人们的争论 ,但它毕竟为我们提供了一种崭新的思路。     

Equity,access, and outcomes: The status of the art

A rationale for including analyses of outcome in evaluation of the impact and equity of changes in health care policy for the poor is presented. We first discuss problems in defining equity in and access to health care. Equity in access to health care requires equality of access only to those services that are believed to be efficacious. Three cost-containment strategies (restrictions in eligibility, coinsurance, and capitation) are then examined, and their limitations are discussed. Finally, directions for future research focusing on outcomes are suggested. Rather than using access to care to assess outcome, outcome is viewed as the framework for assessing access and equity.     

When it pays to be honest: How a variable period of good conduct can improve incentives in personal bankruptcy proceedings

Consumer bankruptcy regulation in the United States as well as in many other countries allow consumers to petition for a partial debt discharge. Usually, a debt release is possible when the debtor behaves in the creditors’ best interest and after filing for bankruptcy signs over her entire disposable income for a fixed period. Depending on the country the period lasts between three and six years. We show that a fixed period distorts the consumer’s ex-post incentives to work hard. Instead, we suggest to adequately reduce the outstanding claim and to make debt release contingent on payment. When the consumer manages to pay back the reduced amount, the rest of the initial debt should be discharged immediately. In effect, the consumer becomes the residual claimant of her endeavors. The period of good conduct is effectively variable. JEL classification D18. D91. K29     

The human development puzzle in Kerala

Participatory approaches to development have been implemented increasingly. One form is the World Bank's community-driven development (CDD) programme. Participation has, also, become increasingly securitised since 2001. One instance of these trends was the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) project in the Philippines. This paper examines the implementation of CDD and the problems of its securitisation, using the Philippines as a case study. A composite conceptual framework is advanced that draws upon the international analyses of development. Adapting the concepts of securitisation and de-politicisation, it argues that a new hegemonic-development framework has appeared: the Securitised-Washington consensus. The analysis assesses these trends through the examples of KALAHI and Philippine politics and economics. It suggests that securitised CDD projects result in token efforts at political reform and poverty alleviation that often are contradicted by counter-trends towards development decline and militarisation. Unless these deep-rooted problems are confronted, localised participation is likely to remain ineffectual.     

Securing security through prosperity: the San Francisco System in comparative perspective

The integrated system of political–economic relations that has prevailed in the Pacific since the September 1951 treaty of peace with Japan, known here as the San Francisco System, is distinctive in comparison with subregional systems elsewhere in the world. This paper outlines key defining features, such as (1) a dense network of bilateral alliances; (2) an absence of multilateral security structures; (3) strong asymmetry in alliance relations, both in security and economics; (4) special precedence to Japan; and (5) liberal trade access to American markets, coupled with relatively limited development assistance. After contrasting this system to analogous arrangements elsewhere, especially in the Atlantic, it explores both the origins and the prognosis of this remarkably durable political–economic entity. Complementary domestic political–economic interests on both sides of the Pacific, reinforcing a brilliant original Japan-centric design by John Foster Dulles, account for persistence, it is argued, while forces for change center on the dynamic emerging role of China.     

危害食品药品安全犯罪的法经济学防控路径探析

危害食品药品安全犯罪频发,严重危害社会众生命安全,影响社会和谐,威胁国家稳定。作为一种典型的经济犯罪,危害食品药品安全犯罪具有明显的经济属性,而法经济学运用经济学的基本假设、基本原理,引入成本—收益,价格—供求等学说,对包括犯罪在内的各种法律问题进行交叉分析,给我们分析该类犯罪的防控以很好的启示,有利于从另一个角度重新审视,并在理论探讨的基础上提出相关政策建议。     

我国城市土地利用问题的政府经济伦理学研究——以中新天津生态城为例

以现代政府经济伦理学为指导,合理规划选址、科学确定城市规模、构建紧凑型的用地模式,可以促进有限土地实现集约式利用,推进生态文明制度建设的不断完善。     

The Holocaust Through Latvia's Eyes: How the Nazi Party Became the Lesser of Two Evils

Internationalization of exhibitions creates cost structure distortion. What costs are being reduced thanks to international collaboration in the museum field? To determine the profitability of the model, international strategies are analyzed with two exhibitions—“Matisse, Cézanne, Picasso…the Stein Adventure,” coproduced by the Réunion des Musées Nationaux–Grand Palais organization, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and “Masterpieces from the Musée National Picasso, Paris,” exhibited in major museums such as Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid, the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg, or the Seattle Museum of Art.     

专利指标的经济学意义及其实践应用

目前我国已经形成了基于专利统计、专利文献、专利调查和政府行政管理的指标系统，但指标设计仍存在结构缺陷，突出表现为重创造、轻运用的情况，专利保护和服务指标亟待完善。社会公众不能准确把握指标内涵，对指标真实作用和决定要素缺乏准确认知。在专利指标使用方面，政府功能性评价能力强，学术运用能力弱，指标数据对专利经济学研究支持力度不足，反映市场竞争能力的企业专利指标失位。提倡从政府管理和学术研究两个层面加强基础指标的设计与利用，建立以指标分析为基础的专利经济学科全面提升专利对经济结构转型和创新驱动发展的激励作用。     

创新：从经济学到哲学

创新理论首先出现于20世纪初的经济学领域。从根本上说，创新在人与社会的实践中具有普遍性质，创新也应成为哲学范畴，进入哲学视野。马克思和恩格斯的实践唯物主义包含着创新哲学的精髓与基本思想。我国改革开放以来的时代精神就是创新，创新已成为世界潮流。创新的哲学理论，应系统地论述创新的含义、功能、机制与发展等问题。