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141.
文章运用新制度经济学的理论和方法,分析我国教育制度变迁的供求关系,分析我国民族地区教育及教育行政制度的特殊性,进而指出民族地区教育行政制度创新特殊的意义。 相似文献
142.
王志华 《黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报》2004,(6):124-126
随着毒品问题日益严重化 ,毒品控制政策的研究受到越来越多的关注。而法律经济学的兴起 ,为毒品控制政策提供了另一个分析视角。对毒品控制政策进行经济分析 ,首先需要明确经济分析的对象和前提。在此基础上 ,分别对控制毒品供应政策和控制毒品需求政策进行经济分析 ,以推进毒品控制政策的完善。 相似文献
143.
新自由主义经济学一向以实证主义的方法而自居,其意识形态的主题是实证科学证明市场是配置资源的最优路径.其实,它的意识形态还往往隐含着某些特殊集团的利益要求.上世纪九十年代美国发生的"泡沫经济"就与新自由主义的意识形态密切相关.当今中国,新自由主义经济学大行其道,它的意识形态已成为流行的价值观念.美国的"泡沫经济"提醒人们该到反思的时候了. 相似文献
144.
Joan Martinez-Alier 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(1):145-160
Via Campesina supports peasant and small farmer agriculture both in the South and in the North. Its basic doctrine is that of ‘food sovereignty’. It is a movement that defends an ‘ecological neo-Narodnism’. Among the analytical tools used by this international peasant movement is the comparison between the energy efficiency of traditional small farm agriculture and modern industrial agriculture. This article briefly recalls the history of agricultural energetics, and then looks at the use of the concept of EROI (energy return on energy input) by Via Campesina when it claims that ‘industrial agriculture is no longer a producer of energy but a consumer of energy’, and that ‘peasant agriculture cools down the Earth’. The absence in Marxism of a tradition of analysis of energy flows is also reviewed here, since it is of interest in order to bring together the classic economic concept of decreasing returns with the more recent notion of a declining EROI. The article also draws on work analysing how environmental activists use concepts from ecological economics, while at the same time ‘activist knowledge’ contributes to ecological economics in a two-way communication between activism and science. 相似文献
145.
Ingrid Guldvik 《Nora, Nordic Journal of Women's Studies》2013,21(3):181-197
A study of the introduction and adoption of gender quotas that does not examine both the interpretation of the problem and the process of implementation is insufficient. A gender quota regime may be promising in its formal features, without guaranteeing the intended results in more informal practices. Six criteria form the basis for a strong gender quota regime: (1) unambiguous and concrete goals, (2) rank order of candidates, (3) evaluations and adjustments of the regime, (4) information from superior authorities, (5) satisfactory implementation by the actors involved, and (6) control and sanctions. An evaluation of these six criteria presupposes the use of a variety of methodological approaches. The development of specific criteria for strong versus weak quota regimes makes it possible to identify both the weak points of the legislation and the failures of implementation. In addition, these criteria will contribute to comparative studies on gender quota regimes and supplement the work of cumulative research. This study applies the six criteria in order to evaluate the Norwegian gender quota regime in local politics and shows that even if four criteria are fulfilled the result is still not satisfactory. The practices of implementation among politicians at the local level as well as among the supervising bodies (county governors) vary. Different discourses create various practices that force or obstruct the implementation of gender balance. 相似文献
146.
This paper reviews two contrasting approaches governments use to engage the citizen to promote better public policy outcomes: nudging citizens using the insights of behavioural economics, as summarised by Thaler and Sunstein (2009) or giving citizens the space to think through and debate solutions, as indicated by proponents of deliberative democracy. The paper summarises each approach, giving examples; then it compares and contrast them, illustrating their relative strengths and weaknesses. The paper concludes by suggesting that the approaches share some common features and policy-makers could useful draw upon both. 相似文献
147.
排污权交易制度是经济法与环境法中一项新兴的法律制度,其中包容了经济法学、环境法学、法经济学等多门学科理论知识。阐述排污权交易制度所体现的经济法理念——可持续发展理念,以及从科斯定理等法经济学角度分析,有利于探讨在我国建立排污权交易法律制度的可能。 相似文献
148.
The use of public–private partnerships (PPP) for the procurement of infrastructure and related services can be a complex and challenging process. This article adopts a transaction cost regulation perspective to examine two PPP cases from Ireland that encountered significant obstacles to successful procurement. It finds that both procurements met hazards including uncertainty about the viability of the bids and opportunistic behavior by preferred bidders that held quasi-monopoly positions. The public nature of both cases provided a fertile ground for opportunistic behavior by political opponents and other “interested” parties. The analysis shows how the governance of PPPs is shaped by the attributes of the transactions and the interaction of economic and political hazards that create transaction costs. 相似文献
149.
William P. Bottom 《Negotiation Journal》2010,26(4):379-415
The relative merits of rational choice and behavioral approaches to the study of negotiation continue to be hotly debated. This article tests qualitative postdictions (assertions or deductions about something in the past) from these paradigms as well as the alternative approach of new institutional theory against the extensive record of negotiation process, contractual form, and contract implementation from the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. I find the incomplete relational form of the peace treaty to be consistent with the behavioral and new institutional concepts and find that only behavioral theory can explain how unilateral German moves unraveled the treaty during the 1930s. But the historical record further reveals that the close fit between the behavioral paradigm and these events is more than coincidence. I also discuss the role of conference participants, particularly John Maynard Keynes and Walter Lippmann, in establishing the basis for modern behavioral science. The behavioral paradigm emerged from efforts to understand and fix serious policy mistakes such as those made in the peace negotiations. The study of human error was intended to serve as the basis for broad‐based organizational solutions. Finally, I discuss the impact of “the Munich stereotype” on such recent events as the planning for the American invasion and reconstruction of Iraq; such examples suggest continued imperfections in the system of organized intelligence that has actually evolved in the United States. 相似文献
150.
基于对立法价值重要性的认识,提出在循环经济的立法进程中,立法的价值问题应当成为立法者考虑的首要问题;进一步探讨了我国循环经济立法的基本价值追求,认为应以人与自然同存的整体利益,实现可持续发展和确保生态安全为价值目标。 相似文献