Predictors of Adolescents’ Disclosure to Parents and Perceived Parental Knowledge: Between- and Within-Person Differences

Adolescents’ willingness to share information with parents is a central process through which parents gain knowledge of their adolescents’ lives. This paper addresses four questions important to understanding adolescents’ decisions to voluntarily disclose areas of parent-adolescent disagreement: What are the contribution of parent-adolescent agreement and adolescents’ non-disclosure of disagreement to adolescents’ perceptions of parental knowledge?; Which adolescents are most likely to disclose to parents in case of disagreement?; Under what conditions are adolescents more or less likely to disclose disagreement?; and What type of non-disclosure will different adolescents use and under what conditions? Self-report data from 120 adolescents (M age=15.8) revealed that failure to disclose disagreement, but not overall agreement, predicted perceived parental knowledge. Adolescents from authoritative homes and those less involved in disapproved leisure were more likely to disclose disagreement and less likely to lie. Within-person differences in disclosure were predicted by the presence of explicit rules and adolescents’ beliefs about required obedience.Dr. Darling is a developmental psychologist whose research focuses on social relationships during adolescence, with a special interest in contextual variation in developmental processes. Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Darling atDr. Cumsille is a developmental methodologist whose research focuses on adolescent well-being.Dr. Caldwell's research focuses on the experience of adolescent leisure, with a particular interest in adolescent boredom and well-being.Dr. Dowdy is a developmental psychologist specializing in adolescent social relations.     

Suspect/Foil Identification in Actual Crimes and in the Laboratory: A Reality Monitoring Analysis

Four reality monitoring variables were used to discriminate suspect from foil identifications in 183 actual criminal cases. Four hundred sixty-one identification attempts based on five and six-person lineups were analyzed. These identification attempts resulted in 238 suspect identifications and 68 foil identifications. Confidence, automatic processing, eliminative processing and feature use comprised the set of reality monitoring variables. Thirty-five verbal confidence phrases taken from police reports were assigned numerical values on a 10-point confidence scale. Automatic processing identifications were those that occurred “immediately” or “without hesitation.” Eliminative processing identifications occurred when witnesses compared or eliminated persons in the lineups. Confidence, automatic processing and eliminative processing were significant predictors, but feature use was not. Confidence was the most effective discriminator. In cases that involved substantial evidence extrinsic to the identification 43% of the suspect identifications were made with high confidence, whereas only 10% of the foil identifications were made with high confidence. The results of a laboratory study using the same predictors generally paralleled the archival results. Forensic implications are discussed.     

趋势面拟合在机场噪声监测评价中的应用

机场周围飞机噪声的噪声级LWECPN数据来自网格布点监测,这些数据可视为连续曲面上的离散点。寻求利用有限的监测数据,拟合机场周围飞机噪声影响区域内噪声级的曲面分布,根据噪声级精确度允许误差的要求,采用统计检验的方法,确定拟合函数模型的精确度,从而得到机场周围飞机噪声的噪声级等值线分布图。     

对于完善我国监听制度立法的分析

监听作为技术侦查手段之一为弥补传统侦查手段不足,有效打击犯罪,发挥了巨大的作用。但是由于监听本身固有的隐密性、强制性,加之我国有关监听的专门法律规范几乎是一片空白,使得这一有力武器在打击犯罪的同时又极易造成相对人合法权益的侵犯。因此,应当借鉴国外立法及经验,对监听进行立法,使之有效运转,以此达到保障公民权利和打击犯罪两种价值的平衡。     

网络通讯监听及其合理运用的政府保障

网络通讯监听是IT时代一种重要的技术侦查手段,其主要特征是监听主体的普遍性、监听对象的非确定性和监听范围的广泛性。主要类别包括即时单独网络通讯监听、即时多人网络通讯监听与非即时网络通讯监听。网络通讯监听存在正反两面价值冲突,我国应将其与网络舆情监测区分,树立令状原则并明确除外情形,建立其合理运用的政府保障。     

The Monitoring Capacity of Civil Society Networks: A Social Network Analysis in the Case of Gender Equality Policy

The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as a watchdog in the implementation process is widely acknowledged. However, little is known about what determines their capacity to monitor EU policy implementation and how it differs across member states. This article accounts for social capital as well as human and financial capital to determine the monitoring capacity of CSOs. To capture sources of social capital, a network analysis is applied in a comparative case article on the monitoring networks of national platforms of the European Women’s Lobby across eight EU member states. The analysis reveals that CSOs in western member states are rich in human, financial and social capital, while CSOs in CEE member states compensate for this lack of resources by linking up with the Commission.     

监听制度立法研究

监听的广泛应用极大地增强了打击和控制犯罪的力度。监听既侵害公民基本权,又从根本上保障公民基本权的实现。世界各国大都通过立法对监听进行必要的限制,我国在这方面仍处于空白,亟待建立符合现代法治需要的监听制度。     

论公共安全视频系统在侦查中的应用

公共安全视频系统具有覆盖面广，重点突出的特点，还具有对监控区域实时反映、客观记录其情况的属性。侦查刑事案件时．可以通过发现和查看犯罪现场周围存在的公共安全视频系统资料挖掘侦查线索、获取犯罪证据，随着案件侦查的推进，结合案件前期信息综合运用．还可以进一步借助涉案区域存在的视频系统发现犯罪嫌疑人的行踪去向，指挥案件侦查活动的实施，这是一种充分利用现实社会资源为侦查工作服务的侦查方法。     

美国通讯监听立法的演进与发展

1968年美国通过的<综合控制犯罪和街道安全法>对通讯监听的条件、程序、方式及被告人的权利保护等问题做出了规定,以实现有效执行法律和保护公民个人权利之间的平衡."9·11"恐怖袭击事件后,美国先后出台了<爱国者法案>、<外国情报监视法>修正案,以加强情报搜集工作,提高反恐和打击犯罪的能力.这个立法过程漫长曲折,在立法技术上也表现出严格限制和灵活处置的两面性,对我国相关领域的立法具有很强的借鉴意义和参考价值.     

Counterfeiting and an Optimal Monitoring Policy

This paper studies the impact of adopting a monitoring system on counterfeiting, in which a criterion to minimize welfare losses due to counterfeiting is provided. If the degree to which the genuine product is imitated (hence the imitation rate) is not high, then counterfeit products might be allowed to exist in such a market. For the case of a high imitation rate, the use of a counterfeit monitoring regime with an optimal counterfeit-monitoring rate is the best policy. If the duration of intellectual property protection is set as infinite, then a higher monitoring rate corresponds to a narrower protection scope. Finally, the enforcement of the laws of intellectual property rights should be flexible according to a products inherent attributes as pertaining to the difficulties at imitating the original products.JEL Classification: D42, K42, L43