通讯监控立法之比较——基于反恐的视角

通讯监控因其搜集反恐情报、预警恐怖活动、获取与保全恐怖犯罪证据的功能,成为各国反恐立法与实践的一把"利器"。这项措施在发挥其反恐最大效能的同时,也隐藏着对公民通信自由权和隐私权等利益的巨大威胁,因此各国立法均对其进行立法规制。我国立法对通讯监控规定还较为粗疏,为我国立法建言,有必要通过比较分析对国外通讯监控立法进行研究,从中获得启示。     

A typology of board design for highly effective monitoring in intergovernmental organizations under the United Nations system

The United Nations (UN) system comprises several intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that were established to contribute to the functioning of the overall transnational system of delivering global public goods. However, many IGOs under the UN system are criticized for their failure to accomplish their mandates. Research argues that IGO boards serve as a governance mechanism that should be designed in order to effectively perform the monitoring function to ensure fulfillment of IGO mandates. Thus, using an inductive fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, this study explores 13 IGO boards under the UN system to identify the board designs that are associated with highly effective monitoring. Our findings reveal a board design typology reflecting the interplay of the level of organizational complexity and the extent of the distribution problem in IGOs. This research contributes to our understanding of IGO governance by underscoring the relationship between board designs and highly effective monitoring to help researchers and practitioners improve IGO performance.     

公租房退出机制的地方立法分析——以北京等11省市的政府规章为分析样本

公租房准入机制保证申请人公平获得住房保障机会,实现"应保尽保",然而,公租房制度实践是一个动态运行过程,准入之后还有日常租赁管理、定期核查、合同期满重新申请等问题,这就需要完善的退出机制予以规范。退出机制直接关系到有限房源的充分流转使用和公租房制度有序运行。通过分析目前各地立法文本中退出条件、退出程序等方面存在的不足,分别从合理过渡期的设置、动态监控平台的完善、奖惩机制的配合,以及阶段性推进公租房可售几方面提出规范建议,以期有助于公租房立法进一步完善。     

Noise Trauma Induced by a Mousetrap—Sound Pressure Level Measurement of Vole Captive Bolt Devices

Abstract: While ballistic parameters of vole captive bolt devices have been reported, there is no investigation on their hazardous potential to cause noise trauma. The aim of this experimental study was to measure the sound pressure levels of vole captive bolt devices. Two different shooting devices were examined with a modular precision sound level meter on an outdoor firing range. Measurements were taken in a semi‐circular configuration with measuring points 0° in front of the muzzle, 90° at right angle of the muzzle, and 180° behind the shooting device. Distances between muzzle and microphone were 0.5, 1, 2, 10, and 20 m. Sound pressure levels exceeded 130 dB(C) at any measuring point within the 20‐m area. Highest measurements (more than 172 dB[C]) were taken in the 0° direction at the 0.5‐m distance for both shooting devices proving the hazardous potential of these gadgets to cause noise trauma.     

行政监察工作法律层面的思考

行政监察作为内部行政监督的一种主要类型,在我国政治、经济生活中扮演着重要的角色,发挥着越来越重要的作用。在新的历史时期,我国现行的行政监察工作存在着许多体制、机制层面的问题。在经济转轨过程中、未能有效地防止行政权力的过分膨胀以及腐败现象的严重滋生。这充分暴露出我国现行的行政监察工作在体制、机制方面还有许多值得研究和完善的方面。因此,必须完善权力制约和监督机制,完善行政监察机制和法律,建立起决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调的权力制衡机制,让人民赋予的权力真正用来为人民谋利益。     

Segmental Hair Analysis—Interpretation of the Time of Drug Intake in Two Patients Undergoing Drug Treatment

The present study involved segmental testing of hair in two clinical cases with known dosage histories. Hair analysis confirmed the first patient's exposure to the prescribed sertraline and citalopram for several months. Citalopram was generally distributed along the hair shaft in accordance with the drug ingestion period. By contrast, “false” positive results were observed for sertraline in distal hair segments, corresponding to a period of no sertraline exposure, which may indicate incorporation from sweat or sebum, which transport the drugs along the hair surface. The second patient received various drugs during her treatment for brain cancer. Metoclopramide, morphine, oxazepam, paracetamol, sumatriptan, tramadol, and zopiclone, which had been part of the therapy, were all detected in the proximal hair segment. The results of these two cases indicated that results—especially concerning the time of drug intake—must be interpreted with caution and allow for the possibility of incorporation from sweat or sebum.     

‘Language of lies’: Urgent issues and prospects in verbal lie detection research

Since its introduction into the field of deception detection, the verbal channel has become a rapidly growing area of research. The basic assumption is that liars differ from truth tellers in their verbal behaviour, making it possible to classify them by inspecting their verbal accounts. However, as noted in conferences and in private communication between researchers, the field of verbal lie detection faces several challenges that merit focused attention. The first author therefore proposed a workshop with the mission of promoting solutions for urgent issues in the field. Nine researchers and three practitioners with experience in credibility assessments gathered for 3 days of discussion at Bar-Ilan University (Israel) in the first international verbal lie detection workshop. The primary session of the workshop took place the morning of the first day. In this session, each of the participants had up to 10 min to deliver a brief message, using just one slide. Researchers were asked to answer the question: ‘In your view, what is the most urgent, unsolved question/issue in verbal lie detection?’ Similarly, practitioners were asked: ‘As a practitioner, what question/issue do you wish verbal lie detection research would address?’ The issues raised served as the basis for the discussions that were held throughout the workshop. The current paper first presents the urgent, unsolved issues raised by the workshop group members in the main session, followed by a message to researchers in the field, designed to deliver the insights, decisions, and conclusions resulting from the discussions.     

The public relations philosophy of John W. Hill: bricks in the foundation of issues management

This paper contends that John W. Hill, founding partner of Hill and Knowlton, based his philosophy of public relations on four signal elements of issues management: strategic business planning sensitive to the threats and opportunities of public policy; high standards of corporate responsibility; issues monitoring; and issues communication. His philosophy, now nearly one‐half century old, was enlightened in that it fares well against the standards of ethics, symmetry and sensitive relationship management championed in public relations literature today. This analysis is based on the philosophy Hill expressed in his two books, which establish him as one of the founders of modern issues management. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.     

Parental Monitoring Mediates the Effects of Age and Sex on Problem Behaviors Among African American Urban Young Adolescents

Adolescent delinquency, drug use and aggression remain societal concerns. These problems are more common with adolescent boys than girls, and tend to increase with age. Although a lack of parental monitoring has been found to be related to problem behaviors, the mediating role of monitoring on the relationship of sex and grade to problem behaviors has not been directly studied. This paper examined parental monitoring as a mediator of the relationship of sex and age to delinquency, drug use, and aggression in a sample of urban African American young adolescents. Our findings indicated that in general, boys and older adolescents reported higher rates of delinquency, drug use, and aggressiveness. Boys and older adolescents also indicated less monitoring by parents. Parental monitoring was found to mediate the effects of sex and grade on some of the behavioral problems.     

我国社会救助制度优化初探

文章在界定社会救助的概念并分析其特征的基础上,指出了当前我国社会救助制度存在的四个主要问题:观念偏差,认识不足;政社不分,政府全能化,垄断社会救助事务;社会救助法制化建设滞后;救助范围有限,救助标准偏低。针对现存问题,探讨了优化我国社会救助制度的四条路径。