State engagement with non-state justice: how the experience in Kyrgyzstan can reinforce the need for legitimacy in Afghanistan

Currently there is a question of whether and how Afghanistan should engage non-state councils of elders to resolve disputes. In order to harness their benefits (e.g. efficiency), control their abuses (e.g. occasional controversial resolutions), and stabilize the resolution of disputes, some have argued that formal links should be established between the state judicial system and non-state councils of elders in Afghanistan. Others argue that mere informal links between the two systems should be established. Still others suggest that prior models of state engagement in Afghanistan should be revived. In Kyrgyzstan, just 65 miles north of Afghanistan, the Tsarist, Soviet and post-Soviet administrations have used various methods to engage non-state councils of elders. Despite these vastly different attempts at controlling local dispute resolutions, elders independently resolved disputes outside of Tsarist and Soviet control and continue to resolve disputes outside of post-Soviet state control in Kyrgyzstan. This phenomenon highlights the need for legitimacy in any models of state engagement that are considered for Afghanistan. If, as observed in Kyrgyzstan, people do not use state-sanctioned local councils in Afghanistan, then their purposes may be frustrated. Therefore, in addition to reviewing the experience with state engagement in other parts of the world, policy makers in Afghanistan should also review the historical and contemporary experience with state engagement in Kyrgyzstan. As the need for legitimacy is reconsidered and applied to the design of models for Afghanistan, it may be more likely that those models will be used by more people in Afghanistan and that their purposes will be furthered.     

论职务协助的程序

在行政法上,职务协助是一个重要却备受冷落的制度。综观各国行政法制发达的国家,都规定了较为系统的职务协助或者相关的制度。然而,我国行政法学界对此似乎缺乏应有的关注,研究的广度和深度都还有待于进一步加强。     

刑事和解--作为一种纠纷解决方式的分析

通过和解解决刑事纠纷在本质上是个人权利(不追究权)对国家权力(刑罚权)的一种协调和平衡,在我国自古有之.它与刑事自诉制度、国家追诉制度、附带民事诉讼制度都有密切的理论联系.对刑事和解的法律规制可以从案件范围和和解方式来考虑.     

近期美国升高西太平洋紧张局势的战略意图及其影响

随着美国全球战略重心加速东移,特别是在近期美国从伊拉克撤军与从阿富汗准备抽身而退之时,美国在亚太地区频频举行军事演习,尤其是美借天安舰之机,趁势强化美韩与美日同盟,并高调介入南海争端,与东南亚伙伴强化军事互动,积极谋求南海争端的国际化。美国正沿太平洋,从东北亚至东南亚一线,事实上形成了针对中国的战略围堵。美国近期升高西太平洋紧张局势的一系列举动并不是偶然的,而是冷战后美国全球战略重心从大西洋向太平洋转移的重要组成部分。奥巴马加速重返亚太的战略调整将对中国实施远海战略与拓展战略纵深以及推行和谐周边的外交战略产生冲击。     

试析民初商事公断的法律性质——基于非诉讼纠纷解决的视角

ADR概念来源于美国,原是对20世纪逐步发展起来的各种诉讼外纠纷解决方式的总称,现已引申为对世界各国普遍存在的、民事诉讼制度以外的非诉讼纠纷解决方式或机制的称谓,具有代替性、选择性的特点以及纠纷解决的基本功能。民国初期的商事公断集现代和传统于一身,兼具仲裁和调解的性质特点,任何一种单一的法律性质界定都显得单薄,不能涵盖其全部,而它的这种新旧杂糅的特点都可以纳入"非诉讼纠纷解决机制"这一"模糊"概念之中。     

试论多元化纠纷解决机制的法理特征与困境

多元化纠纷解决机制是现实社会中解决矛盾与纠纷的重要手段,承载着解决民事纠纷的重要功能。其表现在法理上的特征值得仔细研究,对其司法调解中的限度问题值得关注,尤其是当前法治中的现实困境对纠纷解决机制也产生了不可忽视的影响。     

EARLY INTERVENTION IN NEW ZEALAND FAMILY COURT CASES

In April 2010 the New Zealand Family Court introduced the National Early Intervention Process (NEIP) to diversify its previous unitary dispute resolution pathway into two tracks (standard and urgent). A “triage” model is now in use to assess and assign cases appropriately. This article outlines the key milestones in the Family Court's 30‐year history which have led to this new initiative to reduce delays and help avoid the escalation of family conflicts over the care of children into bitter and intractable disputes. NEIP represents the most overarching reform of the Family Court since the Court's inception in 1981.     

自治与立法的双重逻辑:法律多元理论视角下的互联网发展——360和腾讯纠纷案引发的思考

360和腾讯纠纷案提供了分析网络立法与网络自治的绝佳样板。网络立法与网络自治的冲突以鲜明方式体现出来,探究两者共存的基础显得必要而紧迫。法律多元理论为两者的协调发展提供了基础。在法律多元理论视角下存在自治与立法的双重逻辑,一是网络立法是优先法益立法,也是有限立法,法益标准的确定是网络立法的前提;二是为解决网络自治与网络立法的现实冲突,部分赋予网络自治规则予以习惯效力,促使网络规则向法律规则的转化,亦是互联网发展的有效途径。但转化过程中应当注意网络自治规则的普适性与实用性,防止垄断性企业对网络自治规则的滥用。     

行政调解：内涵界定、法理基础和应然价值

相比于实践中行政调解的火热开展,行政调解在理论研究层面仍显不足。从各省市发布的有关行政调解规范性文件来看,各地对行政调解内涵仍不统一。理论上,由于受传统＂行政权不可处分＂原理之束缚,多数学者认为行政调解在我国不具有理论基础,且对行政调解这种非诉纠纷解决机制在法理层面的特有应然价值探讨甚少。本文主要从理论层面对行政调解的内涵、法理基础、应然价值进行反思和探讨,以弥补行政调解理论研究的不足。     

多元化纠纷解决机制的法理思考

司法在法治现代化的进程中起着重要的作用,然而在具体纠纷解决的过程中也不可避免地存在局限性,因此出现了许多其他纠纷解决方式.本文在考察我国多元化纠纷解决机制内涵和生成背景的基础上,分析了多元化纠纷解决机制实际运行中存在的问题,对完善我国多元化纠纷解决机制提出了一些建议,以期对法治建设有所裨益.