The Strategic Use of Peace: Non-State Armed Groups and Subnational Peacebuilding Mechanisms in Northeastern India

The northeastern region of India has witnessed several armed movements that have sought to achieve a variety of political goals ranging from secession to limited autonomy for specific ethnic groups. In seeking to limit the violence perpetrated in the course of these contemporary subnational insurgencies, a multilayered approach has been developed by the Government of India (GoI) and, more specifically, by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in coordination with the provincial (or state) governments. The range of de-escalation mechanisms range from ceasefire agreements to the more contemporary Suspension of Operations (SoO) frameworks as well as “Surrender and Rehabilitation” packages for individual members of armed groups. In certain cases, autonomous tribal governance institutions have been created within the federal structure in the backdrop of ceasefire and SoO agreements. The overall consequence of these strategies has been a measureable reduction of direct violence between the security forces and armed opposition groups. Conversely, there have been several occurrences of ethnic clashes (sometimes involving former belligerents) that have led to large-scale loss of life and forced internal displacement in the region. Furthermore, the absence of violence has not necessarily led to development. Rather, we see a situation of peace without peace dividends.     

SOCIETY

正Anniversary of Japanese Invasion Veterans who fought in the War Against Japanese Aggression from 1937-45 participate in a bell-ringing ceremony held in Shenyang,northeast China’s Liaoning Province,on September 18 to mark the 83rd anniversary of the September 18 Incident.Air raid sirens were sounded at 9:18 a.m.across Shenyang,where the incident occurred,along with other cities     

关于大连城市经济与东北区域经济协调发展的现实论证

在全国区域经济协调发展的战略格局中,东北综合经济区能够建设成为全国意义的主体功能区,并且在这一进程中要注重实现大连城市经济开发的引擎效应。为此,应当认定大连城市经济与东北区域经济协调发展的促进因素与综合优势,必须促进大连采取城市经济开发与东北区域经济协调发展的战略举措:开拓对外贸易新局面,带动东北腹地走向世界;努力经营旅游产业,构建东北亚国际旅游中心;拓展金融大市场,打造区域性的国际金融中心;促进非公有制经济不断进步,实现城市经济的跨越发展。只有这样,大连市才能在东北老工业基地振兴中发挥龙头作用,拉动东北地区重新确立在全国未来经济布局中的战略地位。     

试述东北新纪录运动的发展历程

1949年下半年,东北地区开展了大规模的群众性新纪录运动。这一运动从一两名工人打破旧的生产定额开始,经过自上而下的组织动员,迅速扩展为东北全境几十万职工参与的运动,又随着各项企业制度的建立最终演变为其他运动,历时近一年。     

Insurgency and Peace Building in the Northeast Indian State of Manipur

This article looks at the ongoing insurgency in the remote Indian northeast, and has a special focus on the state of Manipur. Manipur is regarded as India’s eastern most state, and is geographically sandwiched in between East Asia proper and South Asia proper. This article tries to analyze the different facets of this very complex situation, and pays special attention to how the conflict has changed its character with the passage of time. For purposes of this article, primary data was collected by interviewing local people of Manipuri descent in eastern India to get first hand information about the conflict. Finally, at the end of the article, methods of peace building have been suggested as the way forward.     

Institutional Reform and Social Changes in Northeast China During the Late Qing: A Case Study of Appeal Trials

Institutional reform and social changes in northeast China during the late Qing period are usually attributed to the Qing dynasty changing its policy on immigration to northeast China. However, institutional reform because of debt appeals between civilian creditors and the Mongolian princes is often overlooked. Using administrative cases from Fengtian Governor Archives and Kirin Prefecture Archives, this study identifies how the governor officers of northeast China changed Mongolian land rights and official finance institutions through appeal judgments in the late Qing dynasty. Appeals were related to Mongolian land rights reform and promoted the financial institutional reform in northeast China. This study concludes by arguing that the judgments affected the profits of the litigants and changed the local society.     

关于东北优化开发主体功能区建设的战略定位论证

根据国家"十一五"规划纲要关于主体功能区的类型界定,跟从党的十七大关于加强主体功能区建设的战略部署,以老工业基地和粮食主产区为主要开发对象的东北综合经济区,应当从整体上认定为优化开发主体功能区的现实价值,具有从整体上认定东北地区为优化开发主体功能区的资本依托、制约因素、发展目标,特别是优化开发主体功能区的推进措施,加快东北优化开发主体功能区建设进程,才能在东北老工业基地振兴进程中建成东北优化开发主体功能区。     

浅谈旅游业在发展东北经济中的作用及对策

大力发展旅游业,充分发挥东北的旅游资源优势,是培育东北经济增长点、振兴东北老工业基地的一个极其重要领域。随着经济发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,旅游消费在人们消费总额中的比重不断增加,旅游经济规模不断扩大,旅游业对发展东北老工业基地经济将起到举足轻重、无法替代和不可估量的作用。旅游业在发展东北老工业基地经济中要采取切实可行的对策,做到统筹规划、理顺体制、加强合作、整体营销;全面创新,突出特色,产业联动,强化品牌;扩大旅游就业能力;促进对外开放;加强生态环境和基础设施建设,把旅游业作为振兴东北老工业基地的最重要产业下功夫做强、做大。     

大连在东北老工业基地振兴中的龙头作用

东北老工业基地振兴需要付出长期而又艰苦的努力 ,在这一过程 ,大连市应当发挥龙头作用。为此 ,大连市要适应国内外新形势的发展要求 ,确立创建东北地区经济振兴带的战略取向 ;通过加大对内、对外开放的推进力度 ,进一步拓展东北老工业基地的发展空间 ;跟从经济全球化的时代大潮流 ,努力把跨国公司更多地引进东北地区来发展 ;注重从战略上全面调整经济结构 ,使东北地区尽快适应市场经济发展要求 ;面向国内外广泛集聚高等生产要素 ,大力发展东北地区配套成龙的高新技术产业群 ;努力实现全面、协调和可持续发展方针 ,落实振兴东北老工业基地的长远大计 ,大力启动东北地区经济一体化的现实进程     

中国东北地区与东北亚的经济交流

在东北三省中 ,辽宁省地理位置优越 ,贸易量也最大 ,目前正在寻求市场的多样化发展。吉林省最大的贸易伙伴是韩国 ,有大量的劳务输出人员 ,突出的问题是边境流动人员复杂。黑龙江省主要从事对俄贸易 ,在外派劳务上存在着诸多问题。东北亚地区间的贸易正从封闭走向开放 ,但仍存在障碍