试析社会法的调整模式——对第三法域的探索

社会法在对第三法域进行规制时,通过社会基准法对当事人进行最低限度的严格制约,在法定限制的范围内给当事人留下协商空间。这种以法定内容限定约定内容,以团体约定内容限定个别约定内容的层层限定方式使之成为区别于公法、私法的调整方式,并使社会权利区别于公权力、私权利。     

The role of inspection sequence in compliance with the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) standards: Interpretations and implications

We examined the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) inspections in the US to identify the effects of repeated inspections and the time between inspections on non-compliance. Our sample included 549,398 inspections conducted from 1972 through 2006 in manufacturing plants in the 29 states where federal OSHA enforces the law. We controlled for inspection type, industry, establishment size, and year. The number of total violations cited fell by 28%–48% from the first to the second inspection; after that, the numbers declined much more slowly. These effects were found in every one of the four sub-periods examined. The number of violations cited increased with each additional year since the prior inspection after controlling for other variables; however, the increases were small, totaling approximately 15% over five years. OSHA should probably give higher priority to first time inspections than to repeated inspections. The current requirement that at least two years elapse between planned inspections should probably be lengthened.     

浅谈消防战士心理障碍及调适

武警消防战士由于其工作的特殊性，容易形成适应性障碍、焦虑症、强迫症等心理障碍，这与环境因素、个体的人格特征、家庭因素、外部管理及社会因素有关，通过各种途径做好消防战士心理障碍的调适，对保持战士的心理健康，保持部队的安全稳定，及提升部队的战斗力具有十分重要的作用。     

The extension method to calculate the error of industrial structure

The industrial structure shows the service efficiency of economic resources and the rationality of its development. It has been one of the important works for governments to calculate the error of industrial structure and adjust it. The dependent function is the core of extension set, which shows the extent of objective property, and explains the easiness to be variated quantitatively or qualitatively. By using the dependent degree, the error of industrial structure shows not only the magnitude but also the easiness to correct it, then the decision-makers can discriminate the difficulty of industrial adjustment and select the emphasis, and the orientation of adjustment may be clearer and the operation may be more maneuverable. The paper analyzes the orientation to adjust the industrial structure and proposes some simple suggestions by using the calculation results.     

中国外贸代理法律调整的演进及探析

中国的外贸代理制始于改革开放之初。由于其突破了民法通则有关代理关系的规定 ,致使其一产生便处于无法可依的尴尬处境 ,导致实践中做法混乱 ,问题百出。文章阐述、评析了为解决外贸代理问题的种种立法努力 ,并在此基础上重点阐析了现行合同法对外贸代理的法律调整。     

Corporal Punishment and Kids: How Do Parent Support and Gender Influence Child Adjustment?

Previous research on corporal punishment has failed to consider the interaction of parent support and parent gender in predicting child outcomes. The current study examined whether parental support moderated the effects of corporal punishment on child outcomes (i.e., depression and aggression), and more specifically, whether the gender of the supportive parent moderated the effects of punishment from the opposite-sex parent. Results differed depending on the gender of the punishing and supportive parents, suggesting that parental support can be a protective factor in child outcomes but only under certain conditions. Mother support moderated the effects of father punishment on child depression but not child aggression. High corporal punishment by father was related to more child depression at both high and low levels of mother support. High levels of mother support only seemed important (i.e., children were less depressed) at low levels of father corporal punishment. In contrast, father support moderated the relationship between mother corporal punishment and child aggression but not depression. Children with high father support showed less aggression across all levels of mother corporal punishment. At low levels of father support, child aggression increased as mother corporal punishment increased. For depression, mother corporal punishment was positively related to child depression regardless of level of father support. These findings suggest differential effects for mother and father support and have implications for the treatment and prevention of negative outcomes in children who are physically punished by their parents.

论青年志愿者在志愿服务活动中的个体调适

青年志愿者在志愿服务活动中实现有效的个体心理调适是新的时代性课题。针对青年志愿者在志愿服务活动中存在的现实问题,应该展开辩证的、理性的分析,立足志愿者个人心理特点,借助政府及相关社会组织的指导和协调,构筑适应志愿服务活动的新的精神家园。     

Long-Term Effects of Witnessing Marital Violence for Women: The Contribution of Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse

A sample of 313 college women completed a questionnaire about experiences with violence in childhood and adulthood and adult adjustment and relationship functioning. Nine percent of the women reported having witnessed some type of physical conflict between their parents. Witnessing marital violence was associated with other family mental health risks, childhood physical and sexual abuse, and adult physical assaults by strangers. Women who witnessed marital violence reported more symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder than other women, after family background and abuse variables were accounted for. Significant interactions between witnessing marital violence and childhood physical abuse were observed for measures of social avoidance and predictability in partner relationships, indicating that the effects of witnessing marital violence depended on the presence of childhood abuse. Implications of these results for research and interventions are discussed.     

西部地区农业产业结构调整的战略对策

紧紧抓住西部大开发的历史机遇 ,运用科技进步 ,推动农业产业结构调整 ,大力发展林果业、草产业、精准农业、生物工程、舍饲畜牧业、绿色农业、观光农业、特色农业、订单农业、加工农业等十大农业 ,是西部地区农业实现两个转变 ,向现代农业发展的战略性选择。     

解决中国就业问题的宏观层对策

近年来中国就业问题变得越来越复杂.巨大的就业压力已成为中国当前和今后经济社会发展中一个十分突出的问题,并成为制约中国经济发展和社会稳定的重要因素。 本文结合中国国情,提出一些解决就业问题的宏观层对策和建议。