再论法学对哲学诠释学的继受

法学对哲学诠释学的继受,存在着解构与建构两种不同的理论路向。为此,须明确法律诠释学对哲学诠释学进行继受的可能与限度。立足于本体论与方法论相统一的解释学立场,在建构意义上将法学方法论纳入哲学诠释学的理论框架中,诠释学的任务不仅仅在于对法学方法论进行反思,更在于实现诠释学思维的方法论转化,创建法学作为人文科学的方法论。诠释学反思导向法律意义的追问,必然引起法律概念论从实体本体论向关系本体论的革新。     

What role does gender have in shaping knowledge that underpins the practice of midwifery?

Midwifery is an ancient profession that continues to be practiced almost exclusively by women. This paper explores the role that millennia of gender exclusivity has had in shaping the knowledge that informs the profession. Prior to the Renaissance this knowledge was exclusively female, largely oral, tacit and intuitive whilst recognising childbearing as an important transformative period in a woman’s lifecycle. Male scientific enquiry in the seventeenth century into human anatomy extended to women’s bodies and childbirth and disrupted the female ways of knowing. Their positivist ontology focussing on the mechanics of childbirth created an opportunity for intervening in a normal process and receiving payment for it. The perceived structural superiority of a male obstetric ontology of childbirth has posed an existential threat to the midwifery profession. This paper concludes by discussing how 20^th century professional regulation of midwifery has encouraged midwives to use patriarchal structures and frameworks of knowledge to co-exist within the hegemonic biomedical model advocated by the majority of their obstetric colleagues.     

Reconsidering the ontological foundations of international energy affairs: realist geopolitics,market liberalism and a politico-economic alternative

Accounts of international energy affairs often present a divergence between geopolitical/realist and liberal market-based approaches. This article suggests that this state of affairs reflects the (often implicit) legacies of realist and rationalist international thought in the study of energy affairs and the corresponding political and economic ontological hierarchies of analytical frameworks employed in different accounts of energy politics. Consequently, this article recommends a greater explicit attention to scientific ontological foundations in studies of energy relations and, in line with the calls of Keating et al. and Strange, suggests an approach based in the literature on I/GPE, which merges political and economic ontological axioms, as most apposite for the study of energy affairs. Building on this framework, and giving particular examples from the context of Eurasian energy politics, this article then outlines a number of politico-economic heuristic models (structural diversity, territorial non-coincidence, milieu-shaping and market-authority bargains) that are particularly useful concepts in helping to explain the intricate interactions of international energy relations.     

Kant’s Project of Perpetual Pacification

Richard Tuck locates a conundrum in the Hobbesian world view. Whereas the nation-state is desired to effect the pacification of the domestic sphere, a world state and the promise of global pacification is feared. Kant’s strong program for perpetual peace is presented as a moral imperative to establish through legal means a world republic based on reason and individual autonomy. Kant emphasizes the empirical impossibility of a world republic and hence advocates the weaker program of a world federation of states. This essay argues not the empirical but the logical impossibility of Kant’s strong program and by extension any program of perpetual peace that claims to be essentially different from ‘mere’ peace as truce. In so doing this essay distinguishes between political theory based on the assumption of the ontological priority of peace and political theory based on the assumption of the ontological priority of violence and argues for the necessity of thinking the latter.

Intervention and Statebuilding Beyond the Human: From the ‘Black Box’ to the ‘Great Outdoors’

This article analyses intervention and statebuilding as shifting towards a posthuman discursive regime. It seeks to explore how the shift to ‘bottom-up’ or post-liberal approaches has evolved into a focus upon epistemological barriers to intervention and an appreciation of complexity. It attempts to describe a process of reflection upon intervention as a policy practice, whereby the need to focus on local context and relations – in order to take problems seriously – begins to further undermine confidence in the Western episteme. In other words, the bottom-up approach, rather than resolving the crisis of policy practices of intervention, seems to further intensify it. It is argued that the way out of this crisis seems to be found in the rejection of the aspiration to know from a position of a ‘problem-solving’ external authority and instead to learn from the opportunities opened up through the practices of intervention. However, what is learnt does not seem to be able to fit into traditional modes and categories of expertise.     

New media and strategic narratives: the Dutch referendum on Ukraine – EU Association Agreement in Ukrainian and Russian Internet blogs

ABSTRACT

This article analyses two confronting narratives authored by Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who reported the Dutch referendum held on 6 March 2016, and discussed Dutch citizens’ referendum vote on the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement. The considered narratives, addressed to the Ukrainian and Russian audiences respectively, are viewed as strategic because they specifically portray political actors of the referendum “drama” – the Netherlands, the European Union (EU), Ukraine and Russia. These actors are significant participants of European international relations, and their perceptions of one another are important for European security at the present time of critical diplomacy. In this paper, information about the DUTCH REFERENDUM obtained from the new media texts is regarded as a narrative-based political concept (NBPC). It is argued that this concept has different versions, or images that reflect the narrators’ biased perceptions imposed upon the public. Identification and comparison of such images require a particular methodology. Therefore, the objective of this paper is two-fold: to expose the two confronting versions of a strategically relevant political image, and to develop an authentic, interdisciplinary methodology for its analysis. The proposed methodology is informed by the ontology theory employed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics.     

“犯罪现象存在论”:一种方法论的思考

"犯罪现象存在论"在整体上理解,大体上可以从明确具体的论域、学科建设的大背景、犯罪原因概念狭义界定三个方面进行,标签化的"存在犯罪学"有着建构的问题意识以及独到的学术创见;学术批判刚刚开启,显示出较大的分歧来,但是具有一定的理论推进助力;更多的期待是围绕以下问题展开:整体上理解与批判问题、中西犯罪学知识体系比较问题、如何实质性推进问题。总之,在认识上,"犯罪现象存在论"更需从一种方法论的视角思考。     

近年来国内马克思主义历史认识论研究综述与展望

我国学者对马克思主义历史认识论的研究可以概括为两个基本趋向,即辩护与创新。辩护的趋向主要表现为对马克思的历史本体论思想的认识论基础进行说明;创新的趋向主要表现为对马克思并未系统加以表述的历史认识论观点加以阐发。     

动的艺术与静的艺术——艺术本体新论

从全局上审视所有世间存在的艺术品——艺术家或非艺术家创造的用于审美需要的物质文化实体产品,会发现人们对艺术品的解读只有两种方式——有些艺术品以运动的形式被解读,另一些艺术品则以静态的形式被解读;或者说,前一种艺术品具有固定的先后解读秩序,必须严格按照时间序列遵从艺术品的先后构成秩序方可被解读,这些艺术品有文学、电影、电视、戏剧、音乐、舞蹈等;而后一种艺术品则以纯粹的静态形式被直观,这些艺术品有绘画、雕塑、摄影、建筑等。依据艺术品的构成秩序和解读秩序而将艺术品划分为动、静两大类,标准清晰,容易被一般艺术接受者所掌握,同时这一标准也比较能够揭示各种艺术品的本体特征,涵盖力和统摄性强,所以我们倾向于按照这一分类标准构建新的艺术格局。     

侦查错误的本体论研究

在现代刑事诉讼中，侦查承担着为法庭审判准备审判对象和裁判依据的重要功能。侦查程序所具有的查明案件真相的能力高低，在很打大程度上直接决定着案件最终的处理结果，进而直接影响着一个国家追诉犯罪的实际能力。从刑事诉讼证明的角度来看，对诉讼结果起决定性作用的所有实质性证据都是依靠侦查程序所搜集的。因此，专门针对侦查错误进行全面而详细的本体论研究，不但可以达到打击犯罪、保障人权的作用，而且还可以进一步使侦查工作与国际接轨，实现其公正性、科学性以及效率性。