警察公关障碍与对策

警察职业活动中,公关十分重要,但当前我国的警察公关遭遇到一定的障碍。这种障碍,主要来自社会、文化和心理等不同系统。通过改革和调适,消除或削弱这些障碍,将有助于改善警察的公关形象,提高公安机关的战斗力。     

论我国诉讼时效效力的私人自治转向——实体与程序双重视角的观察

我国《民法通则》及《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》对诉讼时效法律效力的规定实质上是一种"干预"模式,这种模式既不符合诉讼时效制度的本来目标,也不符合通过私人行为实现法律控制的国家策略,从干预模式到"自治"模式的转换势在必行。同时,那种试图通过法官释明来纠正自治模式可能带来的局限的方式并不是真正有效和适当的方式。     

THE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLLEGE INSTRUCTORS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC AND LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES

Based on a novel data set that links college administrative information with earnings records from a state college system for both public two‐year and four‐year colleges, this study quantifies the impacts of exposure to different types of instructors during students’ initial semester in college on their subsequent academic and labor market outcomes. To minimize bias from student sorting by type of instructor, we combine course‐set fixed effects with an instrumental variables approach that exploits term‐by‐term fluctuations in faculty composition in each department, therefore controlling for both between‐ and within‐course sorting. The findings suggest that two‐year students, particularly racial minority students, have substantially higher levels of exposure to adjuncts with temporary appointments than four‐year students. Two‐year students taking a heavy course schedule with temporary adjuncts are adversely affected in college persistence and subsequent credit accumulation, and the penalty is particularly pronounced among males and racial minority students with stronger academic potential. Such negative impacts on academic outcomes do not translate into poorer short‐ to medium‐term labor market performance. In the four‐year setting, no significant distinction is identified between different types of instructors on either student academic or labor market outcomes.     

Jurisdiction size and local government effectiveness: Assessing the effects of municipal amalgamations on performance

The optimal jurisdiction size has been debated since Plato and Aristotle. A large literature has studied economic and democratic scale effects, but we have almost no knowledge of the effects of jurisdiction size on the effectiveness of local services. This is due to two methodological problems. First, selection bias and reverse causality often render change in jurisdiction size an endogenous variable. Second, there is a lack of empirical indicators of effectiveness, and most studies therefore focus on spending measures. Extant research thus studies economies of scale, leaving effectiveness of scale unexamined. We address both problems in a quasi-experimental study of public schools. Our findings from the school area indicate that jurisdiction size does not have systematic effects on effectiveness. Our analysis therefore supports recent studies of economic and democratic scale effects that indicate that the search for the optimal jurisdiction size is futile.     

“一证式”排污许可证实施的法经济学分析

当前我国实施"一证式"的综合性排污许可证制度改革虽然有效地提高了行政管理效率,但在具体实施中出现了"一刀切"执行问题,影响了环境污染排放治理绩效,乃至危及民生。深入分析管制者的成本效益逻辑、管制者和被管制者之间的博弈、以及排污许可政策的公共选择,可以发现一刀切实施的经济动因。要根除一刀切模式,同时改进排污许可证实施效率,应从命令控制型手段主导渐次过渡到可交易的排污许可证,从政府集中管制主导渐次过渡到国家治理主导,从环境政策主导渐次过渡到环境法治主导。     

新时代党建引领乡村治理创新的路径研究

在新的时代条件下,将制度优势更好地转化为治理效能,既是一个重大的理论问题,也是一个重大的现实问题。党建引领乡村治理是实现制度优势向治理效能转化相关领域的一个重要体现。改革开放40年的发展,乡村治理面临社会阶层分化、治理主体缺位、党组织建设不完善等困境,进一步提升乡村治理效能迫在眉睫。理论分析基层党建与乡村治理的逻辑机理,发现:党的领导是乡村治理的领导核心、党的建设是乡村振兴进程中的坚强堡垒、创新基层治理是巩固党的执政根基的客观要求。新时代提升乡村治理效能必须坚持以党建为引领、以基层为主体、以人民为中心、以问题为导向、以创新为手段、以制度为保障,构建乡村治理新格局。     

One village one product: evaluations and lessons learnt from OVOP aid projects

The One Village One Product project that originated in Japan's Oita Prefecture is just one component of many official Japanese development assistance projects aiming to promote rural development in more than 30 countries. Not all efforts, however, result in the same level of sustainability. Oita Prefecture built its movement on three principles: local yet global, self-reliance and creativity, and human resources development. The projects that satisfy these principles are generally found to be sustainable. These principles can also be applicable to overseas projects.     

中国古代判词的伦理化倾向及其可能的效用

判词是古代司法官员审理案件的具结文书。中国古代判词融情、理、法于一体,运用情感和道德的说理艺术,具有明显的伦理化色彩,但其注重寻求个案的实质正义和宣教意义,不失为中国传统法律文化中的一份值得珍惜的遗产。重新认识和评价古代判词的内在精神实质及其效用,有利于革除我国现行司法判决文书刻板化、程式化的弊端,推动司法文化的改革和进步。     

我国民事诉讼中“严重违反法定程序”的识别与界定——基于1000份裁判文书的文本分析

司法实例统计表明,我国民事司法实务中严重违反法定程序的识别与认定存在混乱与无序,突出表现在法院界定严重违反法定程序的非法定情形时未遵循科学统一的识别标准,导致裁量权的滥用。作为例示规范的《民事诉讼法》第170条第1款第4项的失范是根本缘由,其择取的程序违法列举情形仅凸显违法程度的严重性,未体现出发回重审程序违法应满足侵害当事人审级利益与存在续行言词辩论必要的特质,严重违反法定程序的概括事项也未因应发回重审程序违法事由的基本要义。为求得程序正当与程序安定的衡平,应当以程序规范的不同效力等级作为识别严重违反法定程序的标尺;仅当诉讼行为违背强行规范时,方可界定为严重违反法定程序。     

公共政策效益的概说与评析

公共政策效益在政策活动中具有十分重要的地位和作用。作为反映政策质量高低的公共政策效益 ,是贯穿于政策活动各环节、各阶段和各方面的一根主线 ,是衡量政策运行是否科学、成功的重要标准。遗憾的是学术界对公共政策效益相关的理论研究成果甚少。就政策效益评价来说 ,针对政策评价的不同内容 ,可以选取不同的评价方法。评价方法的不断发展是政策评价领域中最富有创造性的内容。