基于多中心治理的公共政策产出机制研究

公共政策产出存在多种机制:政府主导的"内生型"、公众有限参与的政府"回应型"、多中心治理下的"网络型"等。在各民主制国家多种政策产出机制是并存的,只是由于民主政治发展程度不同,三者所占比重不等而已。在治理理论成为一种政治思潮的今天,多中心的"网络型"政策产出机制也受到越来越多的欢迎和关注。这既给传统的政策产出机制带来一系列的影响,也使得该机制的不足得以暴露,如何进一步优化这一政策产出机制成为亟待解决的问题。     

东盟决策机制与东盟一体化

东盟的决策机制深具亚洲特点,东盟首脑会议和部长会议,尤其是外交部长和经济部长会议是东盟的主要决策机构;这些机构奉行全体一致原则、不干涉内政原则、y—x原则和协商原则,充分体现了东盟各国追求平等、互相尊重而又灵活应变的精神;颇具特色的决策机制有效地推动了东南亚国家的一体化,但随着东盟的扩大和深化,这一决策机制也暴露出沟通不足、效率低下等问题,如何改进决策机制,乃是东盟新世纪发展的重要课题。     

政府提供公共产品的逻辑探讨

随着市场化造成的负外部性日益增多以及人们普遍的交往和生活的富裕,人们对公共产品的要求也在同步提高。政府在公共产品提供中承担主要责任,但在制度设计有缺陷的情况下,公共产品的提供往往是无效率的。这种无效率的公共产品提供又总会成为众矢之的。从多中心的视角改革传统的公共产品政府提供机制,引导市场主体和非营利组织参与公共服务的竞争性生产,提高公共产品的产出效率,将是政府治道变革非常迫切的现实任务。     

政府部门人力资源管理改革之研究

政府部门的人力资源管理改革是国家行政体制改革的一个重要组成部分,关系到整个转轨时期社会、经济的稳步发展。而传统上政府部门人事工作所依据的国家公务员制度又多具原则性和抽象性,相比之下其可操作性和适用性都比较差。本文即是从这一现状出发,经过吸收西方最佳人力资源管理模式的研究成果,结合科学发展观,对政府行政组织的人力资源管理模式的改革提出了新的思路,这对于提高政府绩效以及进一步完善我国的国家公务员制度具有现实意义。     

Activist knowledges in queer politics1

Abstract

This paper examines the politics of knowledge production in the field of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) activism. It situates the development of LGBT activist research capacity within a broader shift towards evidence-based policy-making. The paper presents case studies of LGBT organizing from the US and Canada to demonstrate how LGBT activists utilize established social science methodologies such as statistics to claim legitimacy and render queer worlds visible in the policy process. The paper argues that this development in LGBT advocacy is marked by struggles over the kinds of queer realities that may be enacted through social scientific inquiry. The paper also explores the deployment of auditing and benchmarking in LGBT activist knowledge production. It demonstrates the way in which LGBT activists are using these privileged modes of knowledge production to produce truths regarding the nature, extent and effect of homophobia and heterosexism. The relationship between such calculative technologies and the emergence of LGBT active citizenship practices is considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the decidedly mixed political implications of the increasing reliance on social science and calculative practices in queer activism.     

False-negative probability in the SEM/EDS automated discovery of iGSR particles: A Bayesian approach

The automated search software integrated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) has been the standard tool for detecting inorganic gunshot residues (iGSR) for several decades. The detection of these particles depends on various factors such as collection, preservation, contamination with organic matter, and the method for sample analysis. This article focuses on the influence of equipment resolution setup on the backscattered electron images of the sample. The pixel size of these images plays a crucial role in determining the detectability of iGSR particles, especially those with sizes close to the pixel size. In this study, we calculated the probability of missing all characteristic iGSR particles in a sample using an SEM/EDS automated search and how it depends on the image pixel resolution setup. We developed and validated an iGSR particle detection model that links particle size with equipment registers and applied it to 320 samples analyzed by a forensic science laboratory. Our results show that the probability of missing all characteristic iGSR particles due to their size is below 5% for pixel sizes below 0.32 μm². These findings indicate that pixel sizes as large as twice the one commonly used in laboratory casework, that is, 0.16 μm², are effective for initial sample scanning, yielding good detection rates of characteristic particles that could exponentially reduce laboratory workload.     

On Prison and Therapy

This paper analyzes the choice of punishment levels where therapy and pure imprisonment are the two types of treatment. The incidence of a repeat offense depends on the offender's criminal energy in a stochastic fashion. Therapy increases the depreciation rate of criminal energy. A combination of the two treatment types is never chosen since they constitute strong substitutes.     

论我国犯罪控制的优化

犯罪是严重危害人身安全与财产安全，侵害生活安宁与经济发展的反社会行为，同国家与法律如影相随。但犯罪行为总是客观的、外在的，具有可控制性特征．为了实现犯罪控制的目标，我们需要深刻剖析制约我国犯罪控制的现实因素，进而探索优化我国犯罪控制的具体路径。     

“专家失灵”及对策建议

党的十六届四中全会明确指出“要完善专家咨询制度,实行决策的论证制和责任制,防止决策的随意性”。它体现了专家参与政府公共决策的必要性和重要性。实践中专家决策参与活动取得了明显成效但也存在某些问题。“专家失灵”是其中最集中最典型的问题。本文通过“专家失灵”原因的探究试图寻找到相应的补救措施,以期实现专家决策参与的科学性和有效性。